Maude Bevers, Career Woman

December 28, 2024December 28, 2024 MRW3 Comments

In September 1883, 8-year-old Maude Bevers, living near Liverpool, England, wrote a letter to her father Alfred C. Bevers, who had traveled to Dakota Territory in America. One of the things she reported to her father was: “Mama say’s that I am getting on very well at school.” (See the full letter in Ada, Gertie and Maude) About fifteen months later, Maude emigrated to Dakota Territory with her mother and two older sisters, joining her father. Because Maude’s father was a supply pastor for the Methodist Episcopal Conference in Dakota Territory and in South Dakota when it became a state, Maude continued her education in several small towns. Eventually, she would be the first among her siblings to attend and complete high school. According to the reports her siblings gave for the 1940 United States census, the highest grades they had attended were 6^th, 7^th or 8^th grade.

Not only did Maude complete high school, in her early twenties, Maude attended college. An agricultural college had been established by the Dakota Territorial Legislature in 1881, and in Brookings the first building was built in 1884.¹ A college catalog explained the history and purpose of the college, including the following statements:

Upon the division of the territory of Dakota into the states of North and South Dakota when admitted into the Union in 1889, the agricultural and mechanical college of Dakota became known as the South Dakota Agricultural College [SDAC].

… The college is devoted to advancing the interests of practical education and its purpose is to give men and women such training as will best fit them for the active duties of life, whether it be in the fields, the shops, the house, or in the class or counting rooms.²

Even though the college was initially established as an agricultural and mechanical college, by 1896 it had broadened its curriculum to include 24 departments. Maude’s name is listed in the SDAC catalog dated 1897-98, which indicated she was studying Commercial Science and her address was Willow Lakes.³ Her father had been assigned to the Willow Lakes Methodist Episcopal charge in 1896.⁴ With a population of approximately 220, in 1897-98, Willow Lakes sent 10 young men and women to the agricultural college, five of whom studied Commercial Science. Other subjects studied by these students were Domestic Science, Mechanical Engineering and Agriculture.

News item of *The Brookings Register*
May 8, 1897⁵

During the 1897-98 school year, there were about 550 students attending SDAC. Two-thirds of them were men and one-third women. The college catalog explained the affordability for students to attend the state-established college:

No young person should be deterred from obtaining a liberal education when such advantages as this college offers can be had at a nominal price. The aggregate of all the regular fees is only four dollars per quarter and is payable at the time of registration. Books and stationery are furnished by the student. A laboratory fee of one dollar is charged for the use of each laboratory in which a student takes work.⁶

Due to the expansion of the educational departments during the first decade and a half, the dormitories had been converted into classrooms and teaching labs. By 1896, there was only one cottage available for lodging on the campus. It held about 20 young women. The rest of the student population boarded in Brookings—a town with a population of nearly 2000—in private homes or hotels, starting at about 50 cents per week.⁷ It is not known whether Maude lodged on or off campus. The expenses of the average student who attended three quarters of the school year were: $6.00 for tuition, $90.00 for board and room, $45.00 for clothes, $15.00 for laundry, $25.00 for books and stationery, and $10.00 for traveling expenses.⁸

About fifteen percent of the SDAC students of the 1897-98 school year were majoring in Commercial Science. The college catalog described the aim of the department:

Appreciating the fact that business men are governed largely by certain specific and established rules, it becomes necessary that this department keep in touch with these usages and impart the same to the student in such definite and concise terms as shall prepare him for successful entrance to the business world.

The rooms for the department are exceptionally well suited and adapted to the work of the business student. The amanuensis room is supplied with fifteen typewriting machines and ample table and black board surface. The offices such as the Bank, Post Office and Mercantile are well fitted for giving the student actual practice in business methods. The college library affords good opportunity for references and collateral reading. …⁹

Note: The 1886 edition of Webster’s Dictionary defines amanuensis as “A person whose employment is to write what another dictates, or to copy what another has written; a copyist.”¹⁰

Based on the dates that news items reported about when Maude was at the college or left the college, it appears that Maude attended for two years. Therefore, she would not have earned a bachelor’s degree, but she may have completed the coursework to earn a certificate of graduation in Commercial Science. To earn this certificate, a student had to complete the courses of shorthand, penmanship, advanced dictation, commercial law, bookkeeping, business practice, correspondence, typewriting, commercial arithmetic and English words. The description of the course in English Words was: “A study of Anglo-Saxon, Latin, French and Greek derivatives and synonyms. This course is designed to form an intermediate step between grammar and rhetoric, and aims to make the student familiar with the elements entering into the growth and present use of the English language.”¹²

News item of *The Brookings Register*
October 2, 1897¹³

In June 1897, The Brookings Register reported “Rev. Bevers, of Willow Lakes, led chapel devotionals Thursday noon.”¹⁴ This was Maude’s father. The SDAC students were not required to attend the chapel exercises, instead the college catalog stated:

The Young Men’s and Young Women’s Christian Associations are important elements in retaining a strong christian fellowship among the student body. Their relations to the State and Inter-National organizations assist in keeping the college in touch with other educational institutions. … [T]hese student organizations are allowed to take the religious lead by holding prayer and devotional meetings nearly every day to which all are invited.¹⁵

Another item in The Brookings Register reported that Maude left the college in March 1898, stating that she had “accepted a position which she [was] fully capable of filling.“¹⁶ According to a family historian, she was hired by Alfred Newman Waters, an attorney and realtor, doing business in De Smet, South Dakota.¹⁷ A. N. Waters was one of the pioneer settlers of Kingsbury County, arriving in August 1880.¹⁸ He had been a prominent citizen of De Smet since its founding. Besides being a businessman, a few of the capacities in which he served the community were as a notary public, a director on the boards of financial businesses, and a county court judge. When Maude became an office worker in De Smet, she joined the nearly eighteen percent of gainfully employed workers in the United States who were women.¹⁹ Also, among the gainfully employed women, she joined the nine percent of women engaged in nonagricultural pursuits who were working in the clerical field.²⁰

News item of *The Brookings Register*
March 29, 1898

Traditionally, rather than pursue an occupation in the community, most women have worked within the home. The percentage of women that were gainfully employed in 1870 was less than 10 percent.²¹ The three occupations most often held by women between 1870 and 1900 were domestic service worker, teacher, and nurse. As the industrial revolution advanced, more women entered the workforce. By 1900, the percentage of women that were gainfully occupied was over 14 percent²² and the percentage of single women that were gainfully occupied was nearly 41 percent.²³ One of the reasons for this growth was an increase in the demand for professional and semi-professional workers, including clerical workers, due to “the need by business and industry for accurate record-keeping, with the development of large-scale business practices, and with modern methods used in distributing the output of a vastly expanded economy.”²⁴ A report of the United States Department of Labor provides additional information on this point:

… The invention of the typewriter and other office machines, in response to the growing needs of business, made it possible to carry out record keeping, communication, and related activities on a tremendous scale. The result was the creation of entirely new occupations many of which women perform.²⁵ …

The greatest rate of increase for women “office workers” in any decade occurred from 1880 to 1890. Women in these selected office occupations [referring to stenographers, typists, and secretaries; shipping and receiving clerks; clerical and kindred workers; and office machine operators] multiplied nearly 20 times – a testament to the growing acceptance of the typewriter and of the trained woman typist.²⁶ …

In 1900, the percentage of office workers that were women was about 29%.²⁷ “In taking on the functions of clerical workers, women did not replace men. Rather they found entirely new opportunities.”²⁸

By the fall of 1898, Maude’s parents and sister Gertrude had moved to De Smet as well. In 1900, Maude and her family lived on First Street.²⁹ The Methodist Episcopal church was only a few blocks away. Records of the church state that all of them became members on November 26, 1898.³⁰ Maude was the church choir leader for many years.³¹ In addition, the minutes of the women’s group noted that in December 1902 she was the organist at the Epworth League meeting (an organization for young adults), and she was the secretary pro tem at the women’s meeting on April 16, 1903.

Maude had a poetic and artistic side to her. On February 14, 1900, she created a tribute to Lieutenant Sidney Ellsworth Morrison. It is not known what the relationship was between Maude and Lieutenant Morrison, but it is noteworthy that the tribute was dated on Valentine’s Day. An item in The Christian Advocate, dated April 27, 1899, reads: “Lieutenant Sidney Morrison, who was killed in the recent charge of the South Dakota Regiment at Mariloa, was a brother of the Rev. J. G. Morrison, Pastor of Franklin Avenue Church, Minneapolis, Minn.”

Sidney Morrison was a member of Company E of First South Dakota Infantry and his rank was 2^nd Lieutenant. He died in the Philippines on March 27, 1899,³² but it wasn’t until January 25, 1900, that his remains were transported on the ship “City of Peking” to his father James Morrison, whose residence was De Smet, South Dakota.³³

Maude’s tribute, entitled Translated, is typewritten. As far as is known, this is the earliest piece of family memorabilia that was written using a typewriter. The keys $, #, % and @ were used to create the decorative border.

More about Maude’s life will be continued in another blogpost.

1 South Dakota Agricultural College [SDAC], “The South Dakota Agricultural College Catalog 1897-1898 with Announcements for 1898-1899” (1898). Campus Course Catalogs and Bulletins. Paper 15, https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1011&context=archives_catalogs, page 31.

2 SDAC, “SDAC Catalog 1897-1898,” page 31.

3 SDAC, “SDAC Catalog 1897-1898,” page 14.

4 United Methodist Church, Dakotas Conference, Commission on Archives and History, personal communication with M. R. Wilson, June 20, 1995.

5 “Items of Local Interest,” The Brookings Register (Brookings, South Dakota), May 8, 1897, page 3, Newspapers.com.

6 SDAC, “SDAC Catalog 1897-1898,” page 56.

7 SDAC, “SDAC Catalog 1897-1898,” page 57.

8 SDAC, “SDAC Catalog 1897-1898,” page 57.

9 SDAC, “SDAC Catalog 1897-1898,” page 83.

10 Noah Webster, Webster’s complete dictionary of the English language (London: George Bell & Sons, 1886): 42, https://archive.org/details/websterscomplete00webs/page/42/mode/2up.

11 SDAC, “SDAC Catalog 1897-1898,” following page 82.

12 SDAC, “SDAC Catalog 1897-1898,” page 89.

13 “College News,” The Brookings Register (Brookings, South Dakota), October 2, 1897, page 4, Newspapers.com.

14 “College Chestnuts,” The Brookings Register (Brookings, South Dakota), June 16, 1897, page 4, Newspapers.com.

15 SDAC, “SDAC Catalog 1897-1898,” page 43.

16 “College News,” The Brookings Register (Brookings, South Dakota), March 29, 1898, page 2, Newspapers.com.

17 K. and M. Bevers, notes attached to Agnes Maude Bevers in Ancestral Quest program file dated June 29, 2022.

18 The De Smet News, “A. N. Waters, Pioneer, Laid to Rest Here Sunday” (De Smet, South Dakota), September 2, 1927, in Waters, http://www.pioneergirl.com/waters_cemetery.pdf.

19 Joseph A. Hill, Women in Gainful Occupations 1870 to 1920 (Washington, D. C., USA: United States Government Printing Office, 1929): 52, https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.hba9kx&seq=1.

20 Joseph A. Hill, Women in Gainful Occupations 1870 to 1920: 40.

21 Janet M. Hooks, Women’s Occupations Through Seven Decades (Washington, D. C., USA: United States Government Printing Office, 1947): 34, https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112104139180&seq=1.

22 Janet M. Hooks, Women’s Occupations Through Seven Decades: 34.

23 Janet M. Hooks, Women’s Occupations Through Seven Decades: 39.

24 Janet M. Hooks, Women’s Occupations Through Seven Decades: 72.

25 Janet M. Hooks, Women’s Occupations Through Seven Decades: 72.

26 Janet M. Hooks, Women’s Occupations Through Seven Decades: 74.

27 Janet M. Hooks, Women’s Occupations Through Seven Decades: 76.

28 Janet M. Hooks, Women’s Occupations Through Seven Decades: 75.

29 “United States Census, 1900”, , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MMRW-TKS : Sat Aug 17 18:09:29 UTC 2024), Entry for Alfred C Peevers and Mary N Peevers, 1900.

30 First Methodist Church of De Smet, “Record of Members.”

31 First Methodist Church, “A History of the Church,” Consecration Service of the Remodeled First Methodist Church (De Smet, South Dakota: First Methodist Church, September 26, 1965).

32 “LT Sidney Ellsworth Morrison,” Find a Grave, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/154931201/sidney-ellsworth-morrison.

33 Ancestry.com, U.S., National Cemetery Interment Control Forms, 1928-1962 [database on-line] (Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2012): http://www.Ancestry.com.

Aunt Gertie, An Active Methodist

October 12, 2024November 30, 2025 MRW4 Comments

Born in August 1872, Gertrude Mary Bevers was the eighth child of Alfred C. and Mary N. (nee Bridges) Bevers, although at the time of her birth only three of her siblings had lived past the age of one. She was born in a small town in England and during her childhood her family moved every few years, including emigrating to the United States when she was 12 years old. (A summary of the young lives of Gertrude and her sisters can be found in Ada, Gertie and Maude Bevers, and an article about her brother George is found in George C. Bevers, Bookkeeper.)

There is evidence that at a young age Gertrude began following in the footsteps of her parents. One example is that at the age of 15, Gertrude along with her 20 year-old sister Ada embraced a tenet of her father and her father’s father, William Bevers, who “had been a total abstainer over 60 years … [and] was an ardent temperance advocate.”¹ Gertrude’s father participated in the temperance movement in England by giving lectures, one of which proposed that alcohol gave no assistance to the health of one’s body.² When Gertrude’s family was living in Wolsey, South Dakota, she and Ada were involved in the Hope of Wolsey, an offshoot of a temperance organization that had risen up in England called the Band of Hope. (More about the Band of Hope’s history and mission can be found in Ada, Gertie and Maude Bevers.) In April 1888, Gertrude was issued a certificate of membership in the Hope of Wolsey, which was signed by Ada. It certified that she had made a pledge of temperance, which was printed on the certificate: “I hereby solemnly promise to abstain from the use of all intoxicating liquors, including wine, beer and cider, as a beverage, and from the use of tobacco in every form, and from all profanity.” Appendix 1 below provides the text of the certificate.

Gertrude’s certificate of membership in the temperance organization Hope of Wolsey

In the year that Gertrude turned 26 years-old, she moved with her parents and younger sister Maude to De Smet, South Dakota, where she would reside for the rest of her life, about 55 years. Their residence in 1900 was on First Street.³ The town of De Smet had been established when the Dakota Central Railway Company laid tracks through Kingsbury County. (Soon afterward, in 1881, the railroad was bought by Chicago Northwestern Railroad Company).⁴

“The first family of De Smet was that of Charles P. Ingalls. He was the timekeeper for the railway construction crew at his camp on the shore of Silver Lake, a mile east of where De Smet was to be built. As construction work ceased in the fall of 1879, he and his wife, along with four daughters remained in the timekeeper’s building through the winter and spring and built what was to become Ingalls’ store.

“By 1883, De Smet was a typical early prairie town. De Smet had about 60 buildings including grocery and provision stores, wagon shops, lumber yards, banks, a drug store, newspaper companies, a flour mill, a church, a school, an elevator, two attorneys, a harness shop, one hotel and two real estate dealers.”⁵

One of the early real estate dealers was Alfred N. Waters, who would be a prominent land developer and citizen of the town. Two decades after establishing himself in De Smet, he would marry Gertrude’s sister Maude.

On November 26, 1898, Gertude with her parents and sister were received, by letter from the Willow Lake congregation, into membership of First Methodist Episcopal Church of De Smet.⁶ The De Smet congregation was small, having dropped in size from 100 members in 1891 to 60 members in 1900.⁷ The history of the church traces its beginning to the founding of the town.

“In 1880, all of the Protestant people of this area met for their worship services in the Chicago & Northwestern Railway depot, part of the time in the town’s public school house. Many families of the community cooperated to build a church edifice in 1882 under the chartered name of First Congregational Church and this was used by both Methodist and Baptist organizations for services, by alternating Sundays and hours.

“The Methodist organization, including the Ladies’ Aid Society, was formed in 1881 under the leadership of V. P. Neary. A separate building was not erected until 1885. It was then The Methodist Episcopal Church. …”⁸

Never marrying, Gertrude’s role would be housekeeper while living in her parent’s home, as well as while living in her sister’s home after her parents passed away.^9,10 In the community, Gertrude was active in several organizations. Some of what is known about her life has been extracted from minutes of meetings of women’s groups. Known as Gertie in the records of the Ladies Aid Society, she is found on its membership roll as of May 19, 1899, along with her mother. Sometimes Gertie served as the secretary or secretary pro tem of the aid society. She also served as its treasurer in 1902. Her name and her parents’ names were often mentioned in the minutes, as seen in these summarized examples:

July 11, 1899. “The Ladies Aid of the First M. E. Church met with Mrs. Crane.”

The scripture reading was Psalm 115. Mrs. Bevers gave the opening prayer. It was moved “that the Ladies serve a gallon of ice-cream each day at the church, during Institute.” Gertie seconded the motion and she signed the minutes of the meeting as the “sec pro tem.” There were 21 in attendance, not including children. Lastly, ice cream and cake were served.

August 23, 1899. “The Ladies Aid met with Mrs. O. E. Sterns.”

Gertrude signed the minutes of the meeting as secretary. The scripture reading, John 15:18, and opening prayer were given by Rev. Bevers. It was moved and carried that the society give Brother Akers, their minister, $5.00 for his salary. Rev. Bevers on behalf of the society presented Sister Akers, the minister’s wife, with a monetary gift ($5.00) for her birthday, and he sang a birthday song at the end of his presentation of the gift. This was followed by music and a social time. There were 10 members, seven visitors and eight children present.

News item in *Kingsbury County Independent*
May 20, 1904

One of the aims of the Ladies Aid Society was to raise money for the church. According to the 1965 history of the Methodist Church of De Smet: “The money paid in for the minister’s salary was never enough, so the Ladies’ Aid Society always put on big public chicken suppers. The group published a cook book, Kitchen Echoes, in 1909 with tried recipes from the women of the town. This brought in quite a bit of money for the church.” Both Gertie and Maude contributed recipes which were printed in Kitchen Echoes, which sold for 50 cents per copy.

“Potato Salad.—Two teacups cold sliced potato, two hard boiled eggs, one good sized onion. Dressing for same: one egg, two tablespoons sugar, one-half cup vinegar, one tablespoon of butter, one teaspoon of mustard dissolved in a little milk, a pinch of salt. Heat until it thickens, but do not let it boil.—Gertie Bevers.”

“Sugar Cookies.—Two cups sugar, one cup butter, one cup sour cream, two eggs, one teaspoon soda, one teaspoon essence of lemon, flour to mix just stiff enough to roll easily.—Gertie Bevers”

News item in *Kingsbury County Independent*
April 7, 1911

Another organization in which Gertie held an office was the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (W. C. T. U.). Although this organization was originally established to advocate for temperance, it later adopted the stance that local branches could advocate for other social causes, such as women’s suffrage. In April 1905, the Kingsbury County Independent announced the re-organization of the chapter in De Smet by Miss Grace Van Vleet, who was the state secretary of Y. W. C. T. U. (the young women’s branch) and a temperance lecturer. Gertie was elected to be the Correspondence Secretary of the local chapter.¹¹ In March of the following year, the district convention of W. C. T. U. was held in De Smet.¹² Most of the meetings on the 27^th and 28^th were held at the Methodist Episcopal Church.

News item in *Kingsbury County Independent*
April 21, 1905

A third organization in which Gertie participated was the Epworth League, which had been founded in 1889 as a merger of several young people’s organizations of Methodist Episcopal churches.¹³ Epworth League was made up of primarily young adults. There were six departments of social service: Spiritual Life, Social Work, Literary Work, Correspondence, Mercy and Help, and Finance. At the Methodist Episcopal church in De Smet, there were two Epworth League meetings held on Sundays, one was called the junior league and the other was the senior league.¹⁴ Gertie at the age of 39 was a delegate to an Epworth League convention in Brookings, South Dakota in September 1911.¹⁵

Additionally, Gertie was a dues-paying member of the Methodist women’s group. She served on a committee in 1902 and was assistant to the 1^st Vice in 1905. She held a supper at her house in December 1910 to raise funds, $4.60 was collected. On December 26, 1911, the minutes recorded: “Resolved Miss Bevers assist Evelyn in social work.” She held another supper in April 1912, which raised $3.85.

On May 11, 1904, Gertie was a bridesmaid at her sister’s wedding. Maude married her employer Alfred N. Waters, whose first wife had passed away in 1900.¹⁶ One of the earliest businessmen of De Smet, Waters was the president of Waters Land and Loan, as well as being the mayor of De Smet. He had hired Maude to be his stenographer in 1898.¹⁷ The groomsman at the wedding was Professor C. E. Swanson, who was the superintendent of the De Smet schools, and the officiating minister was Rev. Henry Preston of the Methodist church. The wedding was held at Syndicate Hotel which had opened in De Smet in 1887. After an addition to the hotel was constructed in 1902, it was one of the largest hotels in South Dakota.¹⁸

As of the date of this blogpost, digitized versions of the issues of Kingsbury County Independent are only available for the years 1904 to 1929, which is when the Independent merged with the De Smet News.¹⁹ The succeeding issues are not available online. From the issues that are digitized some of Gertie’s personal life can be envisioned because the local newspapers often reported on the events and travels of the Bevers family.

Sometimes Gertie’s sister Ada or her children made a trip to visit the Bevers family, but during the latter half of June 1906, Gertie spent two weeks with Ada, who lived with her husband William Mankey on a farm near Garden City, South Dakota.²⁰ When the 1910 United States census was taken, Gertie was 37 years-old and still living with her parents who were 72 and 69.²¹ That year, Gertie’s mother passed away on July 14, and a lengthy obituary was published.²² It explained that Mary had had an operation six years earlier, from which she never fully recovered. A couple of years later, she developed diabetes, and during this illness, Gertie and her family lovingly cared for Mary until her death. Soon after the funeral, Gertie accompanied her father to Arlington, South Dakota to visit friends.²³ And a month later, Mrs. James Bridges (the wife of Gertie’s mother’s nephew) came from Minneapolis to spend five days as a guest at the Bevers’ home.²⁴ Shortly after that, both Gertie and her father took trips, in part separately and partly together. Gertie went to Arlington for two weeks, then joined her father at Ada’s home.²⁵

News item in *Kingsbury County Independent*
Aug. 26, 1910

In March 1911, Gertie went again to Arlington to visit friends,²⁶ and in August 1911, Mrs. John Glendenning came from Arlington to visit Gertie.²⁷ Mrs. Glendenning was the daughter of Mrs. James Bridges and the granddaughter of Mathias Bridges, who was Gertie’s mother’s brother. A month later, the newspaper reported about an experiment that Gertie conducted with an Easter lily she had purchased.²⁸

News item in *Kingsbury County Independent*, September 15, 1911

Gertie and Maude made a trip to Mitchell, South Dakota, in May 1916 to attend the wedding of their nephew W. Arthur Mankey, who was their sister Ada’s son.²⁹ The wedding was held in the home of the bride, Birdella Carhart, and the officiating minister was the bride’s father, Rev. A. E. Carhart. Also, in attendance were Arthur’s brother G. Floyd Mankey and his cousin Lester Mankey.

When Gertie was in her thirties and forties, suffrage for women was a fiercely contended political issue on both the state and federal levels. In 1918, the men of South Dakota were asked to consider the question of amending the South Dakota state constitution, granting women the right to vote. That November the amendment passed by approximately 63% of the vote.³⁰ Six months later, the congress of the United States passed a suffrage amendment. During subsequent months, the individual states either ratified or rejected the amendment. South Dakota ratified it “without a dissenting vote in either house on Dec. 4, 1919, being the 21^st state to act.”³¹ Ratification by the final state that was needed to adopt the 19^th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States occurred on August 18, 1920. The next day, a newspaper in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, declared, “Thus the political freedom for which women have contended since the founding of the republic has been attained and 27,000,000 women, half the population of the United States, accorded the right to vote under the constitution.”³²

In January 1920 when the United States census was taken, 47-year-old Gertie and her 82-year-old father were living on Second Street in De Smet.³³ Gertie’s father lived nearly two more years. A news article dated September 23, 1921 included the following:

“For a number of years, the elderly gentleman had been in poor health, first being confined to a wheel chair, but later to his bed. His continued illness made it advisable for him to be moved from the Bevers home to A.N. Waters’ home, where his two daughters, Mrs. Waters and Gertrude Bevers, have cared for him.”³⁴

A couple of Gertie’s correspondences have survived for about 100 years. In December 1922, she mailed a postcard to her nephew Willis Bevers, son of her brother Herbert. Willis and his parents and six of his siblings had gone to southern Texas in the fall of 1919. The travel log of Willis’ mother has also survived. After finding that they didn’t like farming in Texas, his parents with most of his siblings returned to South Dakota in 1920. Willis stayed in Texas for another year but also returned to South Dakota about 1921.

Front of a Christmas postcard mailed by Gertie in December 1922

Back of a Christmas postcard mailed by Gertie in December 1922

In 1927, apparently, Gertie made a cross-country trip to visit her sister Ada. Ada with her husband and two daughters had moved to Virginia, near Remington, between 1915 and 1920. Gertie’s trip is known because she mailed a Christmas greeting from Remington to Mr. and Mrs. Willis Bevers who were living in Hazel, South Dakota. Postage for the letter was two cents and it took five days to travel from Virginia to Watertown, South Dakota.

Small envelope addressed by Gertie in December 1927

Small greeting card enclosed in the envelope mailed in December 1927

Little is known about Gertie’s personal life during the remaining years of her life. In 1930, 1940 and 1950, when the United States censuses were taken, she was living with her widowed sister Maude, whose house was on 3^rd Street in De Smet. In 1930, Gertie was 57 years-old, Maude was 54 years-old and both of them were naturalized citizens.³⁵ In 1940, both of them were engaged in home housework and they both received “income of $50 or more from sources other than money wages or salary.”³⁶ Gertie’s brother George passed away in June 1943 in Los Angeles, California, and a month later Ada passed away in Washington, D. C. About a year and a half later, her brother Herbert died in November 1944 in Watertown, South Dakota.

One miscellaneous item known about Gertie is that she continued to be active in the community in her sixties and seventies. She and Maude were members of the Friendly Garden Club in De Smet. In May 1939, they each participated in the program of the garden club by reading papers to the group. Gertrude read “Garden Verse” and Maude read “Gardening in all Countries and All Ages.”³⁷ Nearly 10 years later, the sisters hosted a garden club meeting at Maude’s house.³⁸

News item in *The Daily Plainsman*
October 1, 1948

In April 1950 the record of the United States census designates Gertie and Maude’s residence as Block 2 of “Original Town” of De Smet City.³⁹ They were 77 and 74 years-old, respectively. To the question, “What was this person doing most of last week – working, keeping house, or something else?” the answer for both of them was keeping house. Gertie was selected to answer additional questions. Her responses included that she was living in the same house a year earlier. Her education level was recorded as “S7” (seventh grade), and she didn’t finish that grade. She had not worked any weeks outside of her home in the previous year. She didn’t receive money by working as an employee, or by working in her own business. And to the question, “How much money did he receive from interest, dividends, veteran’s allowances, pensions, rents or other income (aside from earnings)?” she answered “none.”

Aunt Gertie passed away in De Smet on October 3, 1953, at the age of 81, after a “lingering illness” of stomach cancer.⁴⁰ Her remains are buried in De Smet Cemetery beside her parents. Nearby, her sister Maude and her brother-in-law Alfred N. Waters are also buried.

APPENDIX 1

Text of the certificate of membership of the Band of Wolsey:

Thy Word is Truth

This is to certify that

Gertrude M. Bevers

Having signed the subjoined Pledge, has become a member of the

Hope of Wolsey

BAND OF HOPE

PLEDGE

I hereby solemnly promise to abstain from the use of all intoxicating liquors, including wine, beer and cider, as a beverage, and from the use of tobacco in every form, and from all profanity.

Thy Sign the Triple Pledge

BECAUSE

Drunkenness is a sin.
The Bible says no drunkard shall enter heaven
Moderation tends to drunkenness, while total abstinence is perfectly safe.
The first drink is a long step toward drunkenness.
Those who do not resist the temptation to take the first drink, are not likely to resist the temptation to drink to excess.
We can never tell, when we commence the habit of drinking, how it will end.
Intoxicating drinks do us no possible good.
They are the means of great injury to our health and character.
The habit of drinking leads to many other evil habits.
Drinking always leads to misery.
Drinking usually leads to poverty.
Drinking oftentimes leads to crime.
Sixty thousand persons are ruined every year by the evils of drink.
It is a Christian duty to deny ourselves for the good and happiness of others.
While millions repent of drinking, none ever repent of abstaining.
The habit of drinking is supremely foolish.
The use of tobacco leads to an appetite for drink.
Using tobacco is a filthy and costly habit, which does no good.
Swearers and drinkers go together.
God has said, “Swear not.”

Published by the Revolution Temperance Publishing House, David C. Cook, Manager, 13 & 15 Washington st., Chicago.

Bible verses printed in each corner of the certificate:

Proverbs 23:29 Who hath woe? Who hath sorrow?

II Corinthians 7:1 Let us cleanse ourselves from all filthiness.

Proverbs 23:32 At the last it biteth like a serpent, and stingeth like an adder.

Matthew 5:34 Swear not at all.

1 “RIPON. Death of an Old Temperance Advocate,” The Yorkshire Herald and the York Herald (York, North Yorkshire, England), February 17, 1894, page 11, Newspapers.com.

2 “Longwood Temperance Society,” Weekly Examiner (Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, England), April 24, 1869, page 6, Newspapers.com.

3 “United States Census, 1900”, , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MMRW-TKS : Sat Aug 17 18:09:29 UTC 2024), Entry for Alfred C Peevers and Mary N Peevers, 1900.

4 City of De Smet, South Dakota, “Depot Museum / Harvey Dunn School,” https://cityofdesmet.com/depot-museum.

5 Caryl Lynn Meyer Poppen, ed., excerpt from De Smet Yesterday and Today “Little Town on the Prairie” in “History,” De Smet, South Dakota, https://desmetsd.com/history.

6 First Methodist Church of DeSmet, “Record of Members.”

7 First Methodist Church, “A History of the Church,” Consecration Service of the Remodeled First Methodist Church (De Smet, South Dakota: First Methodist Church, September 26, 1965).

8 First Methodist Church, “A History of the Church.”

9 “South Dakota State Census, 1905”, , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MM42-JWN : Sun Mar 10 20:39:28 UTC 2024), Entry for Gertrude M Bevers.

10 “United States Census, 1940”, , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:V19L-5LM : Fri Mar 08 09:56:34 UTC 2024), Entry for Maude Waters and Gertrude Bevers, 1940.

11“Local News,” Kingsbury County Independent (De Smet, South Dakota), April 21, 1905, page 5, Newspapers.com.

12 Kingsbury County Independent (De Smet, South Dakota), March 23, 1906, page 4, Newspapers.com.

13 Case Western Reserve University, “Epworth League,” Encyclopedia of Cleveland History, https://case.edu/ech/articles/e/epworth-league.

14 “Church Services,” Kingsbury County Independent (De Smet, South Dakota), September 15, 1911, page 5, Newspapers.com.

15 “Local News,” Kingsbury County Independent (De Smet, South Dakota), September 15, 1911, page 5, Newspapers.com.

16 Nancy S. Cleaveland, “Alfred N. Waters,” Laura Ingalls Wilder A-Z, http://www.pioneergirl.com/blog/archives/7204.

17 “College News,” The Brookings Register (Brookings, South Dakota), March 29, 1898, page 2, Newspapers.com.

18 Nancy S. Cleaveland, “Syndicate Hotel,” Laura Ingalls Wilder A-Z, http://www.pioneergirl.com/blog/archives/9165.

19 Library of Congress, Kingsbury County Independent (Desmet, Kingsbury County, S.D.) 1894-1929, https://www.loc.gov/item/sn00065130/.

20 “Local News,” Kingsbury County Independent (De Smet, South Dakota), June 15, 1906, page 5, Newspapers.com.

21 “United States Census, 1910”, , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MPX1-9J6 : Sun Mar 10 11:44:32 UTC 2024), Entry for Alfred C Bevers and Mary N Bevers, 1910.

22 Kingsbury County Independent (De Smet, South Dakota), July 22, 1910, page 4, Newspapers.com.

23 “Local News,” Kingsbury County Independent (De Smet, South Dakota), July 22, 1910, page 5, Newspapers.com.

24 “Local News,” Kingsbury County Independent (De Smet, South Dakota), August 19, 1910, page 5, Newspapers.com.

25 “Local News,” Kingsbury County Independent (De Smet, South Dakota), August 26, 1910, page 5, Newspapers.com.

26 “Local News,” Kingsbury County Independent (De Smet, South Dakota), March 24, 1911, page 5, Newspapers.com.

27 Kingsbury County Independent (De Smet, South Dakota), August 11, 1911, page 4, Newspapers.com.

28 “Local News,” Kingsbury County Independent (De Smet, South Dakota), September 15, 1911, page 5, Newspapers.com.

29 “Society,” Mitchell Capital (Mitchell, South Dakota), May 4, 1916, page 5, Newspapers.com.

30 Forest City Press (Forest City, South Dakota), December 5, 1918, page 2, Newspapers.com.

31 Argus-Leader (Sioux Falls, South Dakota), August 19, 1920, page 4, Newspapers.com.

32 Argus-Leader, August 19, 1920.

33 “United States Census, 1920”, , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M6JQ-J85 : Thu Mar 07 04:17:06 UTC 2024), Entry for Alfred C Bevers and Gertrude Bevers, 1920.

34 Nancy Cleaveland and Gina Terrana, Waters (2015), http://www.pioneergirl.com/waters_cemetery.pdf.

35 “United States Census, 1930”, , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XQVH-29Z : Thu Jul 11 05:02:51 UTC 2024), Entry for Maude A Waters and Gertrude V Bevers, 1930.

36 “United States Census, 1940”, Entry for Maude Waters and Gertrude Bevers, 1940.

37 The Daily Plainsman, (Huron, South Dakota), May 12, 1939, page 5, Newspapers.com.

38 The Daily Plainsman, (Huron, South Dakota), October 1, 1948, page 5, Newspapers.com.

39 “United States Census, 1950”, , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:6F9N-CQQP : Wed Oct 04 18:17:08 UTC 2023), Entry for Agnes Maude Katers and Gertrude M Bevers, 10 April 1950.

40 K. and M. Bevers, notes attached to Gertrude Mary Bevers in Ancestral Quest program file dated June 29, 2022.

The Oldest Mementos of “The Breitenstein Bible”

May 14, 2024May 14, 2024 MRWLeave a comment

“The Breitenstein Bible” came into possession of our family when my mother-in-law passed away. For a dozen years, it remained packed away, undisturbed. Finally, when down-sizing our belongings and upon deciding to pass the Bible on to our son, I took the time to look through the Bible. Turning the leaves, I found news clippings, obituaries and funeral folders dispersed between its more than 2000 pages. Another dozen years would pass before I had the opportunity to peruse those pages and mementos again. In December 2023, I examined the Bible and photographed the mementos it has safe-guarded for decades, a few items for more than a century. This blogpost is devoted to the oldest items in “The Breitenstein Bible” and the people with whom they are connected. A description of the Bible itself, which was published about 1900, can be found on the Legacy Page entitled “The Breitenstein Bible.”

The Bible had been passed down to my mother-in-law through her father, who was a Breitenstein, but the oldest mementos would suggest that the Bible came to him from his mother’s line not his father’s. The oldest identifiable item is a handwritten note about Amos Goodhart. My mother-in-law’s ancestry can be traced to Amos K. Goodhart, so perhaps the Bible should be called “The Goodhart Bible.”

The original owner of the Bible is unknown. None of the family register pages are filled in. Besides the note about Amos Goodhart, there are two other handwritten notes which appear to be written in the same handwriting. Since Amos’ wife had already passed away when he died, I propose that it was his daughter Sarah (Sallie) that wrote the notes. Sallie married Jacob B. Breitenstein; they were my mother-in-law’s grandparents.

The oldest handwritten note found in “The Breitenstein Bible”

Amos’ ancestors had been living in Berks County, Pennsylvania, since at least 1754, when it was still a province. His 2^nd great-grandfather Fredrick Goodhart was recorded as residing in the district (or township) of Alsace when a tax list was created for the first assessment of taxes of the newly organized Berks County (which had been carved out of Philadelphia County).¹ Fredrick Goodhart’s son, Frederick, acquired a homestead in Exeter Township.² At the time of Amos’ death, the Goodharts had been residing in Exeter Township for roughly 130-140 years. Amos K. Goodhart, born February 23, 1852, was the son of John Newkirk Goodhart (1821-1898) and Sophia Kline (1827-1902). As a child his family lived in Exeter Township³ and upon marrying Ellen Levan, they began raising their family on a farm in the township,⁴ remaining in Exeter Township their whole lives.

This handwritten note documents the dates of Amos’ death and burial, and very likely the text that was used at his funeral. He was buried in the Schwarzwald Cemetery on January 5, 1923, having died on December 31, 1922 of “complications” according to the death register of Schwarzwald Reformed Church.⁵ In addition to his death, the church records also have an entry about his baptism and confirmation, which didn’t occur until he was 43 years old.⁶ Having been catechized, Amos was baptized on October 12, 1895 and then confirmed on the following day. Amos’ son Victor and his daughter Sarah were confirmed on that very same day.

Job 5:26 as printed in “The Breitenstein Bible,” which is the text recorded along with Amos Goodhart’s death and burial dates.

Of the two other handwritten notes in “The Breitenstein Bible,” one note gives the burial date of Mrs. Hiester Fisher and the reference to a scripture text. The other note simply states the name Mrs. Frank Harner and a scripture reference. Over the years, as I’ve compiled a genealogy of my husband’s family, I have never seen the name Fisher nor Harner. So, I proceeded to try to identify who Mrs. Hiester Fisher and Mrs. Frank Harner were.

In my search for someone named Hiester Fisher, I came up with no likely candidates. But a search using the spelling Heister (e before i) led me to someone that could be the husband of the woman commemorated in “The Breitenstein Bible.” In 1920, Sallie Breitenstein (Amos’ daughter) and her husband were living in Amity Township in Berks County.⁷ There was also living in this township a Heister Fisher with his wife Ellen.⁸ A few years later Ellen and subsequently Heister were buried in Saint Paul’s Church Cemetery in Amity Township. The date of death engraved on Ellen’s gravestone is January 10, 1924,⁹ which would correspond to the burial date listed on the handwritten note, January 14. A search in family trees on Ancestry.com leads to the conclusion that her maiden name was most likely Ellen Wise or Weise or Weiss. She would have been in the generation of Sallie’s mother. Incidentally, Saint Paul’s Church Cemetery is where Sallie and her husband would later be buried.

Presumably, the second-oldest handwritten note in “The Breitenstein Bible”

John 14:1-2 as printed in “The Breitenstein Bible,” which is the text recorded along with Mrs. Hiester Fisher’s burial date

Since the handwritten note about Mrs. Frank Harner doesn’t have a death or burial date, it is difficult to determine with any certainty who she was. My guess is that she was Catherine (Kate) S. Rhoads who is buried in Saint Paul’s Church Cemetery with her husband, Franklin, but the last name on the gravestone is Herner, instead of Harner. Kate Rhoads was also of the generation of Sallie’s mother. Her death date was April 8, 1925.¹⁰ Kate’s sister, Rosa Ellen Rhoads, had married a man named Wellington Wise,¹¹ who was possibly a relation of Ellen Wise (Mrs. Heister Fisher above.)

Presumably, the third-oldest handwritten note in “The Breitenstein Bible”

Hebrews 4:9 as printed in “The Breitenstein Bible,” which is the text noted with Mrs. Frank Harner’s name

There is an item in “The Breitenstein Bible” that is older than the three handwritten notes. It is a lock of hair wrapped in a scrap of newsprint dated June 21, 1918. Perhaps this could be the hair of Ellen S. Goodhart, saved as a memento by her husband Amos or her daughter Sallie. Born March 29, 1849, Ellen was the daughter of Peter S. Levan (1822-1894) and Sarah E. Snyder (1825-1898). One historian of Berks County made this statement in 1886: “The Levan family have occupied a prominent position in [Exeter] township for one hundred and fifty years, having, during this time, owned a large area of farming land where the members of that family are now located. They gave much encouragement to the Schwartzwald Church by liberal contributions.”¹² The Levan family can be traced back to three brothers whose father Daniel Levan was a French Huguenot. “The Huguenots were French Protestants most of whom eventually came to follow the teachings of John Calvin, and who, due to religious persecution, were forced to flee France to other countries in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.”¹³ Daniel Levan fled from France to Amsterdam, Holland, which is where Isaac Levan was born, Ellen Levan’s 4^th great-grandfather.¹⁴ Isaac and his brothers emigrated from Amsterdam to America and Isaac eventually settled in Exeter Township about 1730.

A lock of hair, which was wrapped in a scrap of newsprint, found in “The Breitenstein Bible”

The scrap of newsprint dated June 21, 1918

Ellen Goodhart died on October 19, 1918 and was buried in Schwarzwald Cemetery.¹⁵ Like her husband, her death was recorded in the death register of Schwarzwald Reformed Church. During that time period, the usual number of burials per month in that cemetery was one or two, or sometimes three. But in October 1918, the death register lists seven people dying between October 14 and October 27. Although the causes of death were recorded as heart disease, pneumonia, tuberculosis, and influenza, consideration should be given to an historic event that was taking place in Pennsylvania during the fall of 1918. An epidemic of influenza had begun in Philadelphia in late September and travelled from the city west through the state, reaching Berks County.

In The Great Influenza, author John M. Barry thoroughly relates the events and timelines of many of the outbreaks of influenza in the United States, and a few places abroad, from 1917 to 1919. He devotes a portion of his book to the rise of the epidemic in Philadelphia.¹⁶ The details and quotes below are from Barry’s book. In 1918 influenza spread to Pennsylvania when on “September 7, three hundred sailors arrived from Boston at the Philadelphia Navy Yard.” Four days later, “nineteen sailors reported ill with symptoms of influenza.” Knowing that influenza was wreaking havoc in Boston:

“Lieutenant Commander R. W. Plummer, a physician and chief health officer for the Philadelphia naval district … ordered the immediate quarantine of the men’s barracks and the meticulous disinfecting of everything the men had touched. …

“… The next day eighty-seven sailors reported ill. By September 15, … the virus had made six hundred sailors and marines sick enough to require hospitalization, and more men were reporting ill every few minutes”.

On September 18, “…the Evening Bulletin assured its readers that influenza posed no danger, was as old as history ….” The first two sailors dying of influenza in Philadelphia occurred the next day. “…Plummer declared, ‘The disease has about reached its crest. We believe the situation is well in hand. From now on the disease will decrease.’” The city’s director of public health, Dr. Wilmer Krusen insisted that “the dead were not victims of an epidemic; he said that they had died of influenza but insisted it was only ‘old-fashioned influenza or grip.’” The next day fourteen sailors died and the first civilian died. The following day there were more than twenty deaths.

On September 21, the city’s Board of Health “assured the city that it was ‘fully convinced that the statement issued by Director Krusen that no epidemic of influenza prevails in the civil population at the present time is absolutely correct.’”

“Seven days later, on September 28, a great Liberty Loan parade, designed to sell millions of dollars of war bonds, was scheduled. Weeks of organizing had gone into the event, and it was to be the greatest parade in Philadelphia history, with thousands marching in it and hundreds of thousands expected to watch it.“

Influenza continued spreading through the city, “… the day before the parade, hospitals admitted two hundred more people – 123 of them civilians ….” Even though several doctors urged Krusen to cancel the parade, “Krusen declared that the Liberty Loan parade and associated rallies would proceed.”

“On September 28, marchers in the greatest parade in the city’s history proudly stepped forward. The paraders stretched at least two miles, two miles of bands, flags, Boy Scouts, women’s auxiliaries, marines, sailors, crushing against each other to get a better look, the ranks behind shouting encouragement over shoulders and past faces to the brave young men. It was a grand sight indeed.

“Two days after the parade, Krusen issued a somber statement: ‘The epidemic is now present in the civilian population and is assuming the type found in naval stations and cantonments.’“

“… Within seventy-two hours after the parade, every single bed in each of the city’s thirty-one hospitals was filled. And people began dying.

“ … On October 1, the third day after the parade, the epidemic killed more than one hundred people – 117 – in a single day.“

From Philadelphia the epidemic spread west into Pennsylvania. Three weeks after the parade, people in Berks County were dying of influenza. The Schwarzwald Reformed Church death register documents that two of its members succumbed to influenza. A question lingers over the other five deaths recorded that month – was the influenza virus a contributing factor in their deaths; for example, in Ellen Goodhart’s death which was recorded as heart disease?

In October 2018 Surgeon General Rupert Blue of the U. S. Public Health Service issued the following information about the epidemic:

“The disease now occurring in this country and called ‘Spanish Influenza’ resembles a very contagious kind of ‘cold’ accompanied by fever, pains in the head, eyes, ears, back or other parts of the body and a feeling of severe sickness. In most of the cases the symptoms disappear after three or four days, the patient then rapidly recovering. Some of the patients, however, develop pneumonia, or inflammation of the ear, or meningitis, and many of these complicated cases die. …

“There is as yet no certain way in which a single case of ‘Spanish influenza’ can be recognized. On the other hand, recognition is easy where there is a group of cases. In contrast to the outbreaks of ordinary coughs and colds, which usually occur in the cold months, epidemics of influenza may occur at any season of the year. Thus the present epidemic raged most intensely in Europe in May, June and July. Moreover, in the case of ordinary colds, the general symptoms (fever, pain, depression) are by no means as severe or as sudden in their onset as they are in influenza. Finally, ordinary colds do not spread through the community so rapidly or so extensively as does influenza. …

“No matter what particular kind of germ causes the epidemic, it is now believed that influenza is always spread from person to person, the germs being carried with the air along with the very small droplets of mucus, expelled by coughing or sneezing, forceful talking, and the like by one who already has the germs of the disease. They may also be carried about in the air in the form of dust coming from dried mucus, from coughing and sneezing, or from careless people who spit on the floor and on the sidewalk. As in most other catching diseases, a person who has only a mild attack of the disease himself may give a very severe attack to others. …

“It is very important that every person who becomes sick with influenza should go home at once and go to bed. This will help keep away dangerous complications and will, at the same time, keep the patient from scattering the disease far and wide. It is highly desirable that no one be allowed to sleep in the same room with the patient. In fact, no one but the nurse should be allowed in the room. …

“… Only such medicine should be given as is prescribed by the doctor. It is foolish to ask the druggist to prescribe and may be dangerous to take the so-called ‘safe, sure and harmless’ remedies advertised by patent medicine manufacturers.

“If the patient is so situated that he can be attended only by some one who must also look after others in the family, it is advisable that such attendant wear a wrapper, apron or gown over the ordinary house clothes while in the sick room and slip this off when leaving to look after the others.

“Nurses and attendants will do well to guard against breathing in dangerous disease germs by wearing a simple fold of gauze or mask while near the patient. …

“When crowding is unavoidable, as in street cars, care should be taken to keep the face so turned as not to inhale directly the air breathed out by another person.

“It is especially important to beware of the person who coughs or sneezes without covering his mouth and nose. It also follows that one should keep out of crowds and stuffy places as much as possible, keep homes, offices and workshops well aired, spend some time out of doors each day, walk to work if at all practicable – in short, make every possible effort to breathe as much pure air as possible.

“In all health matters follow the advice of your doctor and obey the regulations of your local and state health officers.

“Cover up each cough and sneeze,

if you don’t you’ll spread disease.^“¹⁷

1. __________, “Erection of County” in Historical and Biographical Annals of Berks County Pennsylvania, vol. 1, ed. Morton L. Montgomery (Chicago: J. H. Beers & Co., 1909), 8.

2. __________, “Daniel B. Keehn” in Historical and Biographical Annals of Berks County Pennsylvania, vol. 2, ed. Morton L. Montgomery (Chicago: J. H. Beers & Co., 1909), 999.

3. “United States Census, 1860”, , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MXPZ-BTN : Thu Mar 07 06:01:10 UTC 2024), Entry for John Newkirk Goodhart and Sufiah Goodhart, 1860.

4. “United States Census, 1880”, , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MW6B-F7D : Sun Mar 10 10:50:22 UTC 2024), Entry for Amos Goodhart and Ellen Goodhart, 1880.

5. Schwarzwald Reformed Church, Protocol of the German Reformed Church at Schwartzwald commencing with the ministry of Rev. Aaron S. Leinbach in Pennsylvania and New Jersey, Church and Town Records, 1708-1985 [microfilm collection of Historical Society of Pennsylvania] (Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2011), image 115, http://www.Ancestry.com.

6. Schwarzwald Reformed Church, German Reformed Church at Schwartzwald, image 75.

7. “United States Census, 1920”, , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M6BG-RV5 : Fri Mar 08 15:45:19 UTC 2024), Entry for Jacob Breitinstine and Sallie Breitinstine, 1920.

8. “United States Census, 1920”, , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M6BP-24K : Sat Mar 09 08:45:24 UTC 2024), Entry for Heister Fisher and Ellen Fisher, 1920.

9. Find a Grave, “Ellen G. Weiss Fisher,” https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/59396049/ellen-g-fisher.

10. Find a Grave, “Catherine S. “Kate” Rhoads Herner,” https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/59239221/catherine_s-herner.

11. __________, “Wellington L. Wise” in Historical and Biographical Annals of Berks County Pennsylvania, vol. 2, ed. Morton L. Montgomery (Chicago: J. H. Beers & Co., 1909), 1101.

12. M. L. M., “Townships of Berks County,” History of Berks County, Pennsylvania (location unknown: Everts, Peck & Richards, 1886), 973.

13. National Huguenot Society, Who Were the Huguenots? (2024), https://nationalhuguenotsociety.org/who-were-the-huguenots/.

14. __________, “Henry B. Levan” in Historical and Biographical Annals of Berks County Pennsylvania, vol. 1, ed. Morton L. Montgomery (Chicago: J. H. Beers & Co., 1909), 494.

15. Schwarzwald Reformed Church, German Reformed Church at Schwartzwald.

16. John M. Barry, The Great Influenza (New York: Viking Press, 2004): 197-220.

17. “Uncle Sam’s Advice on Flu,” Saturday News (Watertown, South Dakota), October 10, 1918, 5, Newspapers.com.

Ada and William Mankey

December 7, 2023 MRW1 Comment

It was probably in the fall of 1885 that 18 year-old Ada Bevers met William Mankey. Ada had immigrated from England only about 10 months prior. William, having immigrated from England in 1875¹ and having worked (as of 1880) in a mine in Deer Park Township, La Salle County, Illinois,² by 1882 had obtained a tract of land in Clark County, Dakota Territory.³ In October 1885 Ada’s father, Alfred C. Bevers, was assigned to be the supply pastor of the Henry Methodist Episcopal (M. E.) Church in southwestern Codington County, Dakota Territory.⁴ The charge may have included a congregation located in Garden City as well, which was about 12 miles to the northwest of Henry, over the county line in Clark County. It is known that in 1888, William and his mother were members of the Garden City congregation and William was also a steward of the Henry Charge.⁵

Ada’s family lived in Henry for two years, then her father was assigned to Wolsey M. E. Church and the following year he was assigned to Bradley M. E. Church. Around this time period, Alfred submitted a claim for a homestead in Phipps Township, in western Codington County, about 10 miles northeast of Garden City. When Alfred and his wife Mary celebrated their 25^th wedding anniversary in September 1889 at their small home on the homestead, it is believed that William attended the gathering. (See a photograph of the group attending the celebration in Ada, Gertie and Maude).

Ada and William would eventually marry on October 28, 1891.⁶ During the next decade, they lived on their farm in Clark County and they would have three children born to them. Their first child, Florence Gertrude, was born on October 16, 1892.⁷ Her namesakes were Ada’s sisters, Florence who had died as an infant and Gertrude who was still living with Ada’s parents. On April 13, 1894, Ada gave birth to William Arthur,⁸ named after his father of course and one of Ada’s deceased brothers Arthur. On June 7, 1897, George Floyd was born, named after Ada’s eldest brother George, who was living in Philadelphia.⁹ By 1898, Ada’s parents and sisters Gertrude and Maude had moved to De Smet, the county seat of Kingsbury County, about 50 miles to the south of William and Ada’s farm.

When the 1900 United States census was taken, 32-year-old Ada and 42-year-old William had been married for eight years.¹⁰ They were living on the farm that they owned in Eden Township, Clark County. William was a farmer and a naturalized citizen, having lived in the United States for 25 years. The census recorded that Ada had immigrated in 1884 and had been in the United States for 16 years. She was not a naturalized citizen (although she had submitted her intention to become a citizen in 1889.)¹¹ Seven year-old Florence had attended five months of school that year. W. Arthur was six years-old and G. Floyd was two years old. On the section to the east of William and Ada’s farm, William’s mother Mary lived with his brother Tobias, his sister Margaret Minor and Margaret’s three children.¹² William’s father Thomas had passed away in 1899 and is buried in Garden City Cemetery.¹³

The quarter section in Eden Township that William and Ada owned can be found on a 1900 map of Clark County; the farm is about a mile north of Garden City and labeled with Ada’s name.¹⁴ Adjacent to Ada and William’s farm, the map shows the quarter section owned by Mary Mankey, and to the east of her farm, William’s brother Thomas Mankey held a quarter section. Not far away in Maydell Township to the north were the farms of William’s brothers Tobias and James Mankey.

Cropped from a map of Clark County, South Dakota, dated ca. 1900.

William and Ada added another daughter to their family, Hazel Maude, on September 14, 1904.¹⁵ She was named after Ada’s youngest sister Maude. When the South Dakota census was taken in 1905, the Mankey family was still living at the same location in Eden Township. Four years later, William’s mother passed away in 1909 and was buried with his father in Garden City Cemetery.¹⁶

In late winter 1909, Ada made a trip to De Smet to visit her parents for several days. Possibly she traveled by train. The Chicago, Milwaukee and Saint Paul Railway had an extension which had stations at Garden City and Lake Preston, a town ten miles to the east of De Smet. A year and a half after this visit, Ada’s mother, who had been afflicted with diabetes for nearly four years, passed away in July 1910.¹⁷ Shortly afterwards, Ada’s father spent a month at Ada’s home and her sister Gertrude joined them after visiting some friends.

Reported in *Kingsbury County Independent*, March 5, 1909

Reported in *Kingsbury County Independent*, August 26, 1910

When the 1910 United States census was taken, Ada and William were still living on a farm in Eden Township.¹⁸ Florence (age 17), W. Arthur (age 16) and G. Floyd (age 12) had all attended school that year. Hazel at five years-old had not attended school. While in high school, W. Arthur made a glider from plans published in the magazine Popular Mechanics.¹⁹

Both the 1900 and the 1910 censuses asked women how many children they had and how many of them were alive. Ada had given birth to four children and all of them were alive. This was unlike her mother, who had born 11 children, six of which passed away in their first or second year of life. In England early childhood mortality (deaths of children between the age one and five) had begun to decline about 1870, but infant mortality (deaths of children before the age of one) didn’t decline until around the turn of the twentieth century.²⁰ Ada’s mother was living in England and bearing children when infant mortality was high. Ada’s children were born during a period of steady decline in child mortality in the United States.²¹

In 1915 when the South Dakota state census was taken, Florence and Hazel were at home with Ada and William.²² W. Arthur was attending his second year of college at Dakota Wesleyan University (DWU) in Mitchell, South Dakota.²³ He was studying Engineering and Math.²⁴ The census records identify the family’s religion as “M. E.” (Methodist Episcopal). It is not known where G. Floyd was at the time of this census, but according to the 1930 United States census he was a veteran of “the World War,”²⁵ which would be World War 1. He was a seaman in the United States Navy from May to December 1918.²⁶

The first of William and Ada’s children to marry was W. Arthur. He married Birdella A. Carhart in April 1916 in Mitchell,²⁷ where they had met while he was attending DWU. The officiating clergyman was Birdella’s father, A. E. Carhart, who was a minister in the M. E. Church. A year and a half after their marriage, W. Arthur and Birdella had their first child, born in December 1917, giving William and Ada their first grandchild. By then, W. Arthur and Birdella were living in Washington, D. C.²⁸ They would give Ada and William their second and third grandchildren in July 1921 and January 1924.

By the time the United States census was taken in January 1920, William and Ada had purchased and lived on a dairy farm outside of Remington, Fauquier County, Virginia, about 60 miles southwest of Washington, D. C.²⁹ William was 61 years-old, a naturalized citizen and a dairy farmer. Ada was 52 years-old and she was also naturalized. Their 27 year-old daughter Florence and 15 year-old daughter Hazel were living with them, and Hazel was attending school. W. Arthur, Birdella and their child were in a rented place in Washington, D. C.³⁰ W. Arthur was a draftsman, working for the Navy Department. G. Floyd was possibly lodging in Washington, D. C. and working as an automobile salesman.³¹ A year after the census was taken, back in DeSmet, South Dakota, Ada’s father passed away in September 1921.³²

In the early 1920s, W. Arthur would move to southern California and embark on a career in aviation engineering. During the next several decades he would play a role in the advancement of the aviation field and in its regulation. One of his first accomplishments was modifying an airplane wing which with one further modification became the wing of Colonel Charles Lindbergh’s plane, the Spirit of Saint Louis.³³ In 1927, the Spirit of Saint Louis was the first plane to be successfully flown across the Atlantic Ocean.

At noon on November 21, 1923, a wedding was performed at Ada and William’s “Fairview Farm.”³⁴ Florence married Grant B. Bruce, a widower employed by the Government Forestry Department in Washington, D. C. The city directory provides additional information: He was a statistician for the Department of Agriculture.³⁵ Upon settling in Grant’s home in northwest Washington, D. C., Florence would host lodgers in their home for the next couple of decades. Many of the lodgers worked for the United States government.

Reported in *Richmond Times-Dispatch*, December 1, 1923

Two more weddings occurred in the 1920s. Hazel married James H. Weeks in October 1924,³⁶ and G. Floyd, who had moved to San Francisco in the mid-1920s, married Lucia Neira, an Italian immigrant, in May 1927.³⁷

In December 1927, Ada’s sister Gertrude mailed a Christmas greeting card from the town of Remington, Virginia. The card was addressed to one of her brother Herbert’s sons and his wife, Willis and Elizabeth Bevers, in Hazel, South Dakota. Presumably Gertrude was visiting Ada and her family.

According to the 1930 United States census, 61 year-old Ada and 71 year-old William were living on a dairy farm that they owned, still in Fauquier County. William was a farmer and he had worked on the day before the census taker visited their home.³⁸ He was not a veteran. They did not own a radio set. Florence and Grant were living at the same location in Washington, D. C.³⁹ W. Arthur and his family had left California and were living in Detroit, Michigan. W. Arthur was an aeronautical engineer, working in the auto products industry.⁴⁰ George and Lucille were in San Francisco and George was working as an automobile salesman.⁴¹ They owned a radio set. Hazel and James were living with her in-laws on her father-in-law’s dairy farm which was not far from Ada and William.⁴² They had two children by this time, giving Ada and William a total of five grandchildren. Three years later, Florence would give them their sixth grandchild.

In 1935, Ada and William still lived on a farm outside of Remington.⁴³ Florence and Grant with their child were living at the same address as previously in Washington, D. C.⁴⁴ W. Arthur and his family had moved to Santa Monica, California.⁴⁵ Hazel and James were on a farm in Lee, Virginia.⁴⁶ George and Lucille still lived in San Francisco,⁴⁷ but by 1937, they would move to southern California where Lucille gave birth to Ada and William’s seventh grandchild.⁴⁸

Tragedy struck Ada and Florence within a single day of each other. Florence’s husband died on April 30, 1938. Grant had worked for the federal government for about 37 years and had been “in charge of all map records of the United States Forest Service” for 25 years before his retirement in May 1937.⁴⁹ The day after Grant died, William at nearly 80 years-old passed away on May 1, 1938. His death certificate states that he worked as a dairy farmer “to time of death.”⁵⁰ William is buried in Remington Cemetery, Remington, Virginia.

The 1940 United States census record indicates that 72 year-old Ada was a lodger in Washington, D. C. and in the previous year she had received more than $50.00 that was not money wages or salary.⁵¹ Florence, at 46 years-old was continuing to live at the same residence which she owned in Washington, D. C.; also at the residence was her seven year-old child and three lodgers.⁵² W. Arthur had returned to the east coast, he and his family were living in Baltimore County, Maryland.⁵³ He was an aeronautical engineer at an airplane factory. George and Lucille had moved to Montebello, Los Angeles County and he was working as a house roofer.⁵⁴ Hazel and her family were still living on a farm in Lee, Virginia.⁵⁵ Her father-in-law lived with them and they had two children. There was also a lodger and a servant living with them.

During the last years of Ada’s life, her eighth and ninth grandchildren were born, the children of Hazel and James, born in 1940⁵⁶ and 1943.⁵⁷ At the age of 75, Ada’s last days were spent in Warrenton Hospital, Fauquier County and she died there on Monday, July 19, 1943. She is buried in Remington Cemetery with her husband.

Reported in Washington, D. C.’s *Evening Star*, July 21, 1943

1 Ancestry.com, New York, Passenger Lists, 1820-1957 (Provo, Utah, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2010): http://www.Ancestry.com.

2 “United States Census, 1880”, database with images, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MXV4-9J7 : Mon Sep 18 07:00:43 UTC 2023), Entry for Thomas Mankey and Mary Mankey, 1880.

3 “United States Bureau of Land Management Tract Books, 1800-c. 1955,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-89WS-ZB44?cc=2074276&wc=M7WS-8ZC%3A356164401%2C356186301 : 14 October 2022), Dakota Territory > Vol 32 > image 54 of 254; Records Improvement, Bureau of Land Management, Washington D.C.”

4 United Methodist Church, Dakotas Conference, Commission on Archives and History, personal communication with M. R. Wilson (June 20, 1995).

5 J. G. Palmer, Palmer’s Directory of the Methodist Episcopal Church for Dakota Conference, “Henry” (1888): 128.

6 K. & M. Bevers, marriage note attached to William Mankey in Ancestral Quest program file dated June 29, 2022.

7 South Dakota Department of Health, “South Dakota Birth Records With Birth Dates Over 100 Years,” [Birth Information for Florence Mankey, State File Number: 599515]: https://apps.sd.gov/PH14Over100BirthRec/resultDetail.aspx?args=B7173D5000910C4994EA3F8456480222D6E12B84CB216B4C0933C9B568E36E1D0E715C23B1B77D480BE3E15CB8FC342C.

8 K. and M. Bevers, record of William Arthur Mankey, Ancestral Quest program file dated June 29, 2022.

9 South Dakota Department of Health, “South Dakota Birth Records With Birth Dates Over 100 Years,” [Birth Information for George Mankey, State File Number: 571260]: https://apps.sd.gov/PH14Over100BirthRec/resultDetail.aspx?args=B7173D5000910C4994EA3F8456480222567A6332A151C9247E16A4E0455BC1DD47D4462802BD74BF1CB49DF6E38B4573.

10 “United States Census, 1900,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-6PQ9-455?cc=1325221&wc=9BW8-7MH%3A1031648401%2C1030694601%2C1032143801 : 5 August 2014), South Dakota > Clark > ED 89 Eden, Elrod & Maydell Townships > image 5 of 16; citing NARA microfilm publication T623 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.).

11 United States of America, “First Naturalization Paper of Ada N. Bevers,” (Codington County, Dakota Territory: USA, May 22, 1889).

12 “United States Census, 1900,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-6PQ9-QHQ?cc=1325221&wc=9BW8-7MH%3A1031648401%2C1030694601%2C1032143801 : 5 August 2014), South Dakota > Clark > ED 89 Eden, Elrod & Maydell Townships > image 6 of 16; citing NARA microfilm publication T623 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.).

13 South Dakota State Historical Society, online cemetery search, “Thomas Mankey,“ https://apps.sd.gov/dt58cemetery/.

14 Peterson, E. F., and S. Wangersheim. Map of Clark County, South Dakota: compiled and drawn from a special survey and official records (Vermillion, S.D.: E. Frank Peterson, 1900): https://www.loc.gov/item/2012593005/.

15 South Dakota Department of Health, “South Dakota Birth Records With Birth Dates Over 100 Years,” [Birth Information for Hazel Mankey, State File Number: 599514]: https://apps.sd.gov/PH14Over100BirthRec/resultDetail.aspx?args=B7173D5000910C4994EA3F845648022241EB9E32217A5B880C0B80F399C73EA3C6FFD3355FD484F8AC6A0AC2E2AEC648.

16 South Dakota State Historical Society, online cemetery search, “Mary Mankey,“ https://apps.sd.gov/dt58cemetery/.

17 Kingsbury County Independent, “Mrs. Alfred C. Bevers,” (DeSmet, South Dakota: July 22, 1910): 4.

18 “United States Census, 1910,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33S7-9TD2-CVC?cc=1727033&wc=QZZH-XC3%3A133638201%2C133675901%2C133835401%2C1589089262 : 24 June 2017), South Dakota > Clark > Eden > ED 108 > image 3 of 8; citing NARA microfilm publication T624 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.).

19 K. & M. Bevers, biographical note attached to W. A. Mankey.

20 University of Cambridge, Populations Past – Atlas of Victorian and Edwardian Population, https://www.populationspast.org/about/.

21 Statista, Child mortality rate (under five years old) in the United States, from 1800 to 2020, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1041693/united-states-all-time-child-mortality-rate/.

22 “South Dakota State Census, 1915,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-6917-3R9?cc=1476041&wc=MJQL-MNL%3A1041735101 : 21 May 2014), 004245361 > image 1948, 1970, 1972 & 1997 of 3079; State Historical Society, Pierre.

23 “South Dakota State Census, 1915,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-691Q-K1F?cc=1476041&wc=MJQL-MNL%3A1041735101 : 21 May 2014), 004245361 > image 1953 of 3079; State Historical Society, Pierre.

24 K. & M. Bevers, biographical note attached to W. A. Mankey.

25 “United States Census, 1930,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-GR4N-9Y7?cc=1810731&wc=QZFS-M82%3A648807101%2C651480501%2C651480502%2C1589283887 : 8 December 2015), California > San Francisco > San Francisco (Districts 1-250) > ED 134 > image 40 of 43; citing NARA microfilm publication T626 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 2002).

26 “United States Headstone Applications for U.S. Military Veterans, 1925-1949,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-994Q-YRD4?cc=1916249&wc=MDBG-K68%3A205942901%2C213448601 : 26 April 2021), 1941-1949 > Mangum, Tully-Marks, Edward > image 136 of 2371; citing NARA microfilm publication M1916 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.).

27 Ancestry.com, South Dakota, U. S., Marriages, 1905-2018 (Ancestry.com Operations, Inc.: Lehi, Utah, USA, 2005).

28 The Mitchell Capital (Mitchell, South Dakota, December 13, 1917): 3.

29 “United States Census, 1920,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-GRFW-4QZ?cc=1488411&wc=QZJT-FXV%3A1038215501%2C1038273601%2C1036505301%2C1589332367 : 14 September 2019), Virginia > Fauquier > Lee > ED 47 > image 19 of 42; citing NARA microfilm publication T625 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.).

30 “United States Census, 1920,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33S7-9R69-46Q?cc=1488411&wc=QZJG-FM7%3A1036474401%2C1036474402%2C1036476301%2C1589335824 : 10 September 2019), District of Columbia > Washington > Washington > ED 317 > image 18 of 28; citing NARA microfilm publication T625 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.).

31 “United States Census, 1920”, , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MNLV-Z7N : Thu Oct 05 15:18:14 UTC 2023), Entry for George F Mauky, 1920.

32 The Tabor Independent (Tabor, South Dakota, October 6, 1921): 6.

33 The Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles, California, April 20, 1985): 61.

34 Richmond Times-Dispatch (Richmond, Virginia, December 1, 1923): 4.

35 Ancestry.com, Boyd’s Directory of the District of Columbia 1923, U.S., City Directories, 1822-1995 [database on-line] (Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2011).

36 K. & M. Bevers, biographical note attached to Hazel Maude Mankey, Ancestral Quest program file dated June 29, 2022.

37 Ancestry.com, “California, U.S., Federal Naturalization Records, 1843-1999” [Naturalization record of Lucille Mankey, Naturalization Records/i. National Archives at Riverside, Peris, California] (Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2014).

38 “United States Census, 1930,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-GRZF-38K?cc=1810731&wc=QZFW-811%3A648805201%2C650224701%2C648825601%2C1589282415 : 8 December 2015), Virginia > Fauquier > Lee > ED 7 > image 30 of 38; citing NARA microfilm publication T626 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 2002).

39 “United States Census, 1930,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-GR4D-K8R?cc=1810731&wc=QZF9-L2Q%3A648806901%2C648806902%2C648806903%2C1589285158 : 8 December 2015), District of Columbia > Washington > Washington > ED 229 > image 29 of 34; citing NARA microfilm publication T626 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 2002).

40 “United States Census, 1930,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-GRHZ-Z3X?cc=1810731&wc=QZF3-G74%3A648805801%2C649542601%2C651567401%2C1589285374 : 8 December 2015), Michigan > Wayne > Detroit (Districts 0251-0500) > ED 304 > image 55 of 84; citing NARA microfilm publication T626 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 2002).

41 “United States Census, 1930,” database with images, FamilySearch (8 December 2015), California > San Francisco > San Francisco (Districts 1-250) > ED 134 > image 40 of 43.

42 “United States Census, 1930,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-GRZF-3ND?cc=1810731&wc=QZFW-DPK%3A648805201%2C650224701%2C648825601%2C1589282427 : 8 December 2015), Virginia > Fauquier > Lee > ED 8 > image 15 of 24; citing NARA microfilm publication T626 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 2002).

43 “United States Census, 1940”, database with images, FamilySearch (ark:/61903/1:1:K73M-H7C : Fri Jun 09 01:27:49 UTC 2023), Entry for Ada N Mankey, 1940.

44 “United States Census, 1940,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-L9M1-53H5?cc=2000219&wc=QZFM-7NZ%3A790105901%2C790105902%2C792841801%2C792851601 : accessed 11 November 2023), District of Columbia > District of Columbia > Police Precinct 13, District of Columbia, Tract 33 > 1-508 Police Precinct 13 (Tract 33 – part), District of Columbia > image 8 of 41; citing Sixteenth Census of the United States, 1940, NARA digital publication T627. Records of the Bureau of the Census, 1790 – 2007, RG 29. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 2012.

45 “United States Census, 1940,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-L9M1-HL5H?cc=2000219&wc=QZXB-4M5%3A790103401%2C790855101%2C790360501%2C951056401 : accessed 11 November 2023), Maryland > Baltimore > Election District 9 > 3-58 Election District 9 S of Joppa Rd, W of Forest Av, W and N of Stevenson Av, and E of York Rd and Dulaneys Valley Rd; Aigburth Manor, Towson (part) including Baltimore County Jail and Presbyterian Home of Maryland for Aged Women > image 55 of 67; citing Sixteenth Census of the United States, 1940, NARA digital publication T627. Records of the Bureau of the Census, 1790 – 2007, RG 29. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 2012.

46 “United States Census, 1940,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QSQ-G9MR-37NM?cc=2000219&wc=QZXG-CKG%3A794217401%2C796669201%2C794293801%2C796711401 : accessed 12 November 2023), Virginia > Fauquier > Lee Magisterial District > 31-11 Lee Magisterial District outside Remington Town S of Southern Railway and W of State Road 17, Morrisville (part) > image 21 of 29; citing Sixteenth Census of the United States, 1940, NARA digital publication T627. Records of the Bureau of the Census, 1790 – 2007, RG 29. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 2012.

47 “United States Census, 1940”, , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:K9W9-D85 : Tue Nov 28 18:48:53 UTC 2023), Entry for George F Mankey and Lucille A Mankey, 1940.

48 Ancestry.com, “California, U.S., Federal Naturalization Records, 1843-1999.”

49 Evening Star (Washington, District of Columbia, May 1, 1938): 14.

50 Commonwealth of Virginia, Department of Health, Bureau of Vital Statistics, certificate of death of William Mankey.

51 “United States Census, 1940”, FamilySearch, Entry for Ada N Mankey.

52 “United States Census, 1940,” FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-L9M1-53H5?cc=2000219&wc=QZFM-7NZ%3A790105901%2C790105902%2C792841801%2C792851601).

53 “United States Census, 1940,” FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-L9M1-HL5H?cc=2000219&wc=QZXB-4M5%3A790103401%2C790855101%2C790360501%2C951056401).

54 “United States Census, 1940”, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:K9W9-D85), Entry for G F Mankey and L A Mankey.

55 “United States Census, 1940,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QSQ-G9MR-37NM?cc=2000219&wc=QZXG-CKG%3A794217401%2C796669201%2C794293801%2C796711401}.

56 “Virginia, Marriage Certificates, 1936-1988,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-C9TN-K9CD?cc=2370234 : 10 January 2019), > image 1 of 1; from “Virginia, Marriage Records, 1700-1850,” database and images, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : 2012); citing Virginia Department of Health, Richmond.

57 “Virginia, Marriage Certificates, 1936-1988,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-C9TF-G7KK-9?cc=2370234 : 10 January 2019), > image 1 of 1; from “Virginia, Marriage Records, 1700-1850,” database and images, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : 2012); citing Virginia Department of Health, Richmond.

Ada, Gertie and Maude Bevers, Daughters of a Methodist Supply Pastor

August 10, 2023October 2, 2024 MRW3 Comments

On the northeast coast of England lies the town of Bridlington. Alfred C. Bevers and his wife Mary (nee Bridges) with their infant son George (see George C. Bevers, Bookkeeper) arrived in the town sometime between late 1865 and late 1866. Mary gave birth to a daughter in November 1866 but the newborn only lived 16 days. The following fall, on October 10, 1867, she gave birth to another daughter, which they named Ada Berry Bevers, according to the entry in Alfred and Mary Bevers’ Family Bible (see Alfred and Mary Bevers’ Family Bible). The name Berry was the maiden name of the second wife of Ada’s grandfather William Bevers. William had married Susanna Berry in the first quarter of 1865.¹ Even though the Family Bible indicates that her name was Ada Berry Bevers, most of Ada’s genealogical records use a middle initial of “N” which stands for Naomi, her mother’s middle name.

Within a year and a half of Ada’s birth, her family moved to a village called Sheepridge in the township of Huddersfield in central northern England, which was the birthplace of Ada’s father. In March 1869 Ada’s mother gave birth to her brother Herbert (see An Introduction to Herbert James Bevers). Three more siblings would be born in Sheepridge, but none of them survived past their first year of life. When the 1871 census was recorded in the ecclesiastical district of Christ Church Woodhouse, Ada’s 33-year-old father was a collector and canvasser for Prudential Insurance Company.² Her mother was 30 years-old and Herbert was two years-old. Ada at the age of three and George at the age of five were listed as scholars.

By the time Ada was five years-old, her family had moved to Barnsley, an agricultural market and coal-mining town southeast of Sheepridge. Barnsley is the hometown of J. Hudson Taylor, a missionary who spent many years in China in the mid-1800s and upon his return to England he founded China Inland Mission; then in 1866, Taylor and his wife traveled to China with 20 missionaries to establish Christian missions in every province of China.³ In Barnsley Ada gained a sister on August 22, 1872 when Gertrude Mary was born. Before two years had passed, the Bevers family returned to Sheepridge, and on April 25, 1875 Agnes Maude was born. She was baptized in June of that year at Christ Church in Woodhouse Parish.⁴

Within a couple of years, the family had relocated to the city of Liverpool, on the northwest coast of England. The port of Liverpool was the second largest in the country, the largest being at London. In Liverpool, another brother was born in May 1877 and lived for about 14 months. On July 22, 1877, Gertrude was baptized at St. Mary, Kirkdale,⁵ which was a ward of Liverpool. In a town three miles north of Liverpool called Bootle, one more brother was born in November 1881, who lived about 9 months. In total, there had been 11 children born to Alfred and Mary, only five of which survived past infancy.

*List of “Children’s Names” with their birthplace and birthdate in the Family Bible of Alfred C. and Mary N. Bevers*

When the census was taken in 1881, the Bevers family resided at 97 Derby Road, Kirkdale.⁶ Forty-three year-old Alfred was a tailor’s cutter. Tailoring had been a trade of the Bevers family for generations. Mary was 40 years-old and George, at 15 years-old and having completed his education through the 8^th grade,⁷ was a “pupil teacher” at a Church of England school. Ada was 13 years-old and she would also complete the 8^th grade.⁸ She and her younger siblings were scholars. Herbert was 12, Gertrude was eight and Maude was five years-old.

In 1883 Alfred decided to travel to America “to determine if they would like it.”⁹ He made his way to Dakota Territory and wrote to his family about his experiences on board the ship and in the new country, which included killing a snake. On September 29, eight year-old Maude replied to her father’s letter:

13 Orlando St.

Sep. 29/1883

My Dear Papa

I am very glad to hear that you like that country and I hope we will all like it to, I wish I was with you, please I would like you to set a apple-tree for me ready for me when I get over I heard that you had some fun on board the ship and I was very glad to hear that you got there all safe. I saw that you sent some flowers to us and plucked them where you killed a snake and you sent a card to us. Gerty has got two cards from school they are so pretty. I am quiet well and so Is Gerty. Mama say’s that I am getting on very well at school that I am getting a very good writer I have not told you what Gerty’s cards are for one is for the best sewing the other is for the best dictation book. Please Papa will you excuse these lines because I drew them and I hav drawn them crooked I could not draw them straight. I would like to know how you are. when you go to Cousin Ben’s house well that is if you go there I want you to tell me how he is and Estella and little Clarence and little Gerty May. now I must bring it to a close. I must send you some Kisses.

Your loving Maud

*The letter eight year-old Maude wrote to her father when he went to Dakota Territory ahead of his family*

The person Maude identified in her letter as “Cousin Ben” was probably Benjamin T. Bridges, a son of Mathias Bridges, Maude’s mother’s brother. In 1895, it was recorded that Benjamin had moved to Minnesota in 1872 and he had lived in Minneapolis since about 1882.¹⁰ His wife was Helen Estella (nee Huntley) and they had a son Clarence, a daughter Gertie and a daughter Nellie. At the time of Maude’s letter Clarence would have been about two years-old and Gertie would have been just months old.

A year and a half after their father’s departure, Ada, Gertrude and Maude emigrated with their mother, arriving at the port of Philadelphia on December 17, 1884,¹¹ and subsequently joining their father in Dakota Territory. The girls were 17, 12 and nine years-old, respectively. Their brother George would emigrate to the United States in 1885 but he settled in Philadelphia. Later, their brother Herbert also emigrated, which is recorded as occurring in 1888.¹² Herbert may have spent time in Philadelphia and in Virginia but eventually he would settle in South Dakota.

Not long after arriving in the United States, Gertrude and Maude were photographed with an elderly man and other youngsters. These were possibly their uncle Mathias Bridges and his grandchildren. It is believed that the portrait was taken in Worthington, Minnesota.

Standing on left are Gertrude and Maude Bevers. The man is probably their mother’s brother Mathias Bridges. (The photograph is believed to have been taken in Worthington, Minnesota; estimated date of 1885.)

When Ada, Gertrude and Maude arrived in Dakota Territory, their father had been assigned, as of October 1884, as a supply pastor to the Methodist Episcopal Church in Castlewood,¹³ which that year had become the county seat of Hamlin County. A short history of Castlewood M. E. Church includes the following:

… it was the Northwestern Railway which built a branch line through the Big Sioux Valley to a point 40 miles north and a little west of Brookings. Here they built a turn table so that the engines which had been backing up to Brookings could turn around at this spot and so here is the beginning of Castlewood. This was in 1882 and the railway built a depot here too. That started the wealthy men coming to this spot and homesteading and also building business places. The building boom had started, soon hotels, livery stables, horses and rigs for rent for persons to look over the land. Many homesteaded and also set up business places. The Depot was used as a gathering place for religious services and in summer tents were set up near [the] depot to hold services as well. When a store building was built on [the] south side of main street this was [the] first two story one so [the] upstairs room was used for church services and the first school held here in 1883. … Before any church was built services were also held in school houses. Methodist E. people held services in Caverhill School House and Swift School House.¹⁴

Due to their father’s assignments to many Methodist congregations in Dakota Territory (and in South Dakota after it gained statehood), Ada, Gertrude and Maude lived in many small towns. It is uncertain whether Gertrude attended school in any of these small towns. There are conflicting statements in the 1940 and 1950 United States censuses which reveal that Gertrude completed either seventh or eighth grade. Possibly she had completed her education in England before immigrating. On the other hand, Maude would have attended school after immigrating. She went on to complete high school.

Following the one-year assignment in Castlewood, their father served as the pastor of Henry M. E. Church, Codington County, for two years (October 1885 to October 1887).¹⁵ There is the possibility that their father was simultaneously serving as the pastor of the Garden City congregation which was about 10 miles away. In 1886, the town of Henry had 149 inhabitants.¹⁶ While the family lived in Henry, the girls’ father secured a parsonage for the church for $500.00.¹⁷

In about May 1886, Alfred chaired the committee that organized a Sunday School at Henry M. E. Church.¹⁸ Each week Sunday School was opened with singing a hymn and with prayer, often followed by a responsive reading from a scripture lesson sheet. A scripture lesson was given and the meeting was closed with singing a hymn. According to the minutes of the Sunday School dated March 6, 1887, it appears that an essay was read by the secretary discussing the use of questions and answers in Sunday School classes. The following week the minutes state: “Question given out who were punished for lying and how.” On March 20, 1887, it is recorded in the minutes: “Last Sunday’s question answered by Gertie Bevers Acts 5 for Ananias and Sapphira.” Gertie was 14 years-old at this time. During the summer months of 1887, each week a different word was assigned and the attendees were expected to find a text of scripture that had that word in it. On the following Sunday, the texts were read by individuals or by class groups. For example, on June 26, the texts contained the word “Holiness” and on September 11, the word was “Kingdom.”

*Henry United Methodist Church (formerly Henry Methodist Episcopal Church); the building to the left appears to be the original parsonage (Photographed by MRW August 2010)*

Following the Henry appointment, the girls’ father was appointed for one year (October 1887 to October 1888)¹⁹ to Wolsey M. E. Church, a church of 67 members.²⁰ Then he was assigned to the Bradley Charge for an unknown period beginning in October 1888.²¹ While in Wolsey, Ada and Gertrude were involved in an association called the Band of Wolsey, a local branch of a temperance organization that had its origins in England called Band of Hope. Temperance was a lifestyle that had been followed by their grandfather William Bevers, who has been described as “an ardent temperance advocate” and at his death he “had been a total abstainer over 60 years.”²²

An explanation of the setting of the Temperance Movement and the birth of the Band of Hope follows:

One of the evils of Victorian society was cheap and grossly abused child labour – small children were regarded as ideal for working in coal mines, in cotton mills and as chimney sweeps. Some children, employed as chimney sweeps, were as young as 8 years. Life, both for them and their parents, was wretched; physical and emotional pain oppressed them all the time, prospects of escaping from this drudgery were nil – and their only solace was in the alehouse. Beer was cheap, spirits were plentiful and there were no restrictions on children visiting alehouses. …

For many children, the alehouse was the only place where they could escape from the wretchedness of their environment. Some Sunday schools existed in fashionable churches but most of the prosperous city churches catered for the children of gentry rather than for the scruffy, dirty urchins who frequented the gin palaces, and they would certainly not have been welcomed into these fashionable churches.

It was against this backdrop of juvenile misery and deprivation that the Temperance Movement was born. …

The pioneer of the Temperance Movement in England was Joseph Livesey, himself from poor surroundings. He was orphaned and worked as a cottage weaver as a child. Livesey was concerned by the excessive drinking he saw in Preston and founded both an adults’ and a children’s Sunday School in the town. In 1832, he, together with six other men, founded the Preston Temperance Society. The seven men felt that they had to be totally committed to abstinence and on September 1st 1832 they all signed the following pledge; “We agree to abstain from all liquor of an intoxicating quality whether ale, porter, wine or ardent spirits, except as medicines.” Others joined them in this pledge and one of the seven, Dicky Turner, blurted out “Nothing but the tee-total will do” – and the expression tee-total stuck.

The idea of total abstinence quickly gained popularity. Mrs Ann Carlile, the widow of a Presbyterian Minister, was challenged by the dreadful conditions of the women in Newgate Prison, Dublin, most of whom blamed cheap whiskey for their downfall. At the mature age of 72, she resolved to devote the rest of her life to total abstinence. She joined forces with the Reverend Jabez Tunnicliff, who in 1842 became minister of the influential South Parade Baptist Church in Leeds. On one occasion he was asked to visit a former Sunday School teacher dying from a sickness brought about by alcohol. Turning to Mr Tunnicliff, he pleaded with him “Warn young people against the danger of the first glass”. Jabez Tunnicliff persuaded Ann Carlile to come to Leeds in 1847 to address a number of mass meetings. This was the providential meeting that saw the birth of the ‘Band of Hope’ (a name for which both Ann Jane and the Rev Tunnicliff took credit), a temperance organisation specifically for children who suffered as much as adults from the consequences of unregulated alcohol consumption. She is supposed to have said, “What a happy Band these children are – they are the Hope for the future.” …

Band of Hope meetings used techniques that aimed to press home their strong belief in total abstinence. Their meetings were lively, child-centred (in a Victorian context!), involved much singing, often including the Band of Hope theme song “Come, all ye children, sing a song”, Magic Lantern slides were always popular; many a Band of Hope speaker took with him a Magic Lantern carbide for producing a strong beam and a set of slides. The children were shown slides illustrating the dreadful ways in which alcohol could affect their lives and the stability of their family lives, not to mention the damage to their own health, and this would have been accompanied by stirring speeches from the team. The climax of most meetings would have been an invitation to the children to sign the pledge of total abstinence. This part of the Band of Hope service would always be taken very seriously (parents were sometimes asked to sign their permission for this act of public commitment to total abstinence). Other popular activities might have included model making, spelling tests, an annual Temperance Knowledge exam, and a wide circulation of books and pamphlets.²³

On May 22, 1889, at the age of 21, Ada appeared before the Clerk of the District Court in Codington County, Dakota Territory. She declared her intention to become a citizen of the United States of America. Near the end of that year, Dakota Territory was divided and two states were accepted into the United States, North Dakota and South Dakota.

Late in the 1880s, the girls’ father filed a claim for a homestead a few miles northeast of Henry in Phipps Township, Codington County. In front of the small frontier house that was built on the homestead, family and friends gathered to celebrate the 25^th wedding anniversary of their parents which occurred on September 19, 1889. A photograph was taken of the gathering. Maude (age 14) and Gertrude (age 17) can be seen standing in white dresses on the right of the group. Ada (age 21) is sitting on the ground on the left. Their parents are in the center, Mary wearing a white hat with Alfred standing to the right of her. Their brother Herbert is standing in the back row on the far left. It is believed that Lena Huppler, who would become Herbert’s wife, is standing on the far left in the row in front of Herbert. It is also believed that William Mankey, who would become Ada’s husband, is standing in the back row on the far right.

The 25th wedding anniversary of Alfred and Mary Bevers (1889), photo taken on their homestead in Phipps Township, Codington County. Sitting on the ground on the left is Ada, standing on the right in white dresses are Maude and Gertrude, to the left of Maude is Alfred and sitting in the center with a white hat is Mary.

On October 28, 1891, 24 year-old Ada married William Mankey.²⁴ Quite certainly, she had met William during the time that her father was the supply pastor of the Henry M. E. Church. In 1887-88, William was involved in the church in a few capacities. He was approved as one of the Sunday School Superintendents, he was appointed to the Missions Committee, and he was a Steward.²⁵ William had emigrated from England to the United States in 1875 with his mother and siblings,²⁶ presumably his father had arrived prior to their emigration. When the 1871 census of England was taken, William was a tin miner at the age of 12 years old,²⁷ and in 1880 he was a coal miner in Illinois, along with his father and younger brother James.²⁸

After several years of improving the land of his homestead, in January 1893 Gertrude and Maude’s father submitted his final proof for his claim. Three years later the homestead was sold. At the time of the sale, their parents’ residence was recorded as Clark County. Their father had once again begun serving as a supply pastor, being assigned to Waubay in Day County in October 1895.²⁹ Then from October 1896 to October 1899, he served the Willow Lake (Clark County), Hazel (Hamlin County) and Vienna (Clark County) congregations.

In May 1897 the local newspaper reported that Maude had gone to Brookings to finish a stenography course at the state agricultural college.³⁰ That fall, Maude was elected Secretary of a class society at the college.³¹ Several months later, it was reported that Maude had left the college and accepted a position.³² Family historians of the Bevers family have stated that Maude began working as a secretary for Alfred N. Waters, a prominent businessman of De Smet in Kingsbury County.³³ Possibly that is the position she took when she left the college. In 1898, Gertrude and Maude moved with their parents to De Smet. That year Gertrude turned 26 years-old and Maude turned 23. They would spend the rest of their lives, over half a century, in De Smet.

*The Brookings Register news clipping dated May 8, 1897*

*The Brookings Register news clipping dated October 2, 1897*

The Brookings Register news clipping dated March 29, 1898

1 FreeBMD, England & Wales, FreeBMD Marriage Index, 1837-1915, (Provo, Utah, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc., 2006): 138.

2 Ancestry.com, 1871 England Census [Class: RG10; Piece: 4372; Folio: 86; Page: 19; GSU roll: 848087], (Provo, Utah, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc., publisher, 2004): http://www.Ancestry.com.

3 G. H. Anderson, “Taylor, James Hudson (1832-1905),” Biographical Dictionary of Christian Missions (New York: MacMillan Reference USA, 1998): https://www.bu.edu/missiology/missionary-biography/t-u-v/taylor-j-hudson-1832-1905/.

4 Ancestry.com, West Yorkshire, England, Church of England Births and Baptisms, 1813-1910 [database on-line] (Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2011): http://www.Ancestry.com.

5 Ancestry.com, England, Select Births and Christenings, 1538-1975 [database on-line] (Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2014): http://www.Ancestry.com.

6 Ancestry.com, 1881 England Census [Class: RG11; Piece: 3684; Folio: 133; Page: 23; GSU roll: 1341882] (Provo, Utah, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc., publisher, 2004): http://www.Ancestry.com.

7 “United States Census, 1940”, database with images, FamilySearch (ark:/61903/1:1:K975-B84 : Thu Mar 16 16:18:54 UTC 2023), Entry for Dorothy Bevers and George S Bevers, 1940.

8 “United States Census, 1940”, database with images, FamilySearch (ark:/61903/1:1:K73M-H7C : Fri Jun 09 01:27:49 UTC 2023), Entry for Ada N Mankey, 1940.

9 “Mrs. Alfred C. Bevers,” Kingsbury County Independent, Jul 22, 1910 [accessed from Newspapers.com].

10 Ancestry.com, Minnesota, U.S., Territorial and State Censuses, 1849-1905 [database on-line] (Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2007): http://www.Ancestry.com.

11 United States of America [1^st Naturalization Paper of Ada N. Bevers], (Codington County, Dakota Territory: District Court, May 22, 1889).

12 “United States Census, 1900,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-68DY-PH?cc=1325221&wc=9B7H-9LQ%3A1031648401%2C1033119401%2C1033119402 : 5 August 2014), South Dakota > Roberts > ED 282 Agency, One Road & Spring Grove Townships > image 4 of 11; citing NARA microfilm publication T623 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.).

13 Annual Conference of Dakota Mission, Minutes of the Fifth Session of the Annual Conference of Dakota Mission of the Methodist Episcopal Church (Mitchell, Dakota Territory, USA: S. D. Cook, Printer and Binder, 1884): 61.

14 __________, History of the Methodist Episcopal Church – Castlewood So. Dak. (The First Methodist Episcopal Church of Castlewood, n. d.).

15 United Methodist Church, Dakotas Conference, Commission on Archives and History, personal communication with M. R. Wilson, June 20, 1995.

16 Henry Historical Book Committee, Glimpses of our Town 1882-1982 (1982): 4.

17 J. G. Palmer, “Henry,” Palmer’s Directory of the Methodist Episcopal Church for Dakota Conference (1888): 127-8.

18 Minutes of Henry E. M. Church Sunday School (Henry, South Dakota: Henry Episcopal Methodist Church, May 1886-October 1887).

19 Dakota Conference, Minutes of the Third Session of the Dakota Conference (Sioux Falls, Dakota Territory, USA: Dakota Bell Publishing Co., 1887): 136.

20 J. G. Palmer, “Wolsey,” Palmer’s Directory of the Methodist Episcopal Church for Dakota Conference (1888): 63.

21 Dakota Conference, Minutes of the Fourth Session of the Dakota Conference (Yankton, Dakota Territory, USA: Press and Dakotaian, 1888): 176.

22 __________, The Yorkshire Herald and the York Herald, 17 Feb 1894 [accessed from Newspapers.com].

23 D. Edgington, Hope UK – a walk through history (2010):1-3, https://www.hopeuk.org/wp-content/uploads/Walk-Through-History-PDF.pdf.

24 A. & M. Bevers Family Bible, “Marriages.”

25 Minutes of the Fourth Quarterly Conference for Henry, Huron District, Dakota Conference (August 20, 1887).

26 Ancestry.com, New York, Passenger Lists, 1820-1957 (Provo, Utah, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2010): http://www.Ancestry.com.

27 Ancestry.com, 1871 England Census (Provo, Utah, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2004). [Original data – Census Returns of England and Wales, 1871. Kew, Surrey, England: The National Archives of the UK (TNA): Public Record Office (PRO), 1871.]

28 “United States Census, 1880”, database with images, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MXV4-9J7 : Thu Aug 03 04:50:54 UTC 2023), Entry for Thomas Mankey and Mary Mankey, 1880.

29 United Methodist Church, personal communication with M. R. Wilson.

30 The Brookings Register, May 8, 1897.

31 The Brookings Register, October 2, 1897.

32 The Brookings Register, March 29, 1898.

33 K. and M. Bevers, notes attached to Agnes Maude Bevers in Ancestral Quest program file dated June 29, 2022.

George C. Bevers, Bookkeeper

May 15, 2023January 5, 2025 MRW5 Comments

George Cockin Bevers was the first child born to Alfred Cockin Bevers and Mary Naomi Bridges. They recorded his birth in their Family Bible as June 9, 1865 in Hull. His birth is also recorded in the civil registration records of Hull, Yorkshire East Riding.¹ The full name of this town is Kingston-Upon-Hull, the name it was given after King Edward I had purchased the town and gave it a royal charter.² The name is a derivative of King’s Town upon Hull (referring to the river Hull.)³ A hundred years before George was born, Hull was the birthplace of William Wilberforce, the champion of the abolition of the slave trade and slavery in the British Empire.⁴

Kingston-Upon-Hull is a port city on the northeastern coast of England, situated at the mouth of the Hull River entering the Humber River. At the time of George’s birth, the city had grown from 12,000 houses to over 20,000 houses during the previous 35 years, the growth being primarily outside the medieval old town.⁵ The expansion of the town was due to industrial advancement in the region and the resulting increase in importation.

During George’s childhood Alfred and Mary Bevers moved their residence several times. The locations are recorded in their Family Bible with every child’s birth, and sadly, with the deaths of some of George’s siblings. By the time he was 17 years old, George had 10 siblings. Six of his siblings died in their first year of life or shortly after.

When George’s first and second sisters were born his family lived in Bridlington, Yorkshire. The first one only lived 16 days; the second sister Ada would live to be 75 years-old. At the next location, Sheepridge, Yorkshire, which is the town where George’s father had been born, four of George’s siblings were born: a brother, a sister and a set of twin boys. The only one of these four who would survive was his brother Herbert and he would live to be 75 years-old. When the 1871 census was recorded in Sheepridge, at the age of five George was a scholar and his father was a collector and canvasser for Prudential Insurance Company.⁶ Their next residence was south of Sheepridge in Barnsley, which is where his sister Gertrude was born. Then the family returned to Sheepridge where George’s last sister Maude was born. Gertrude would live to be 81 years-old and Maude would live to be 83.

On December 18, 1875, the Weekly Examiner, a newspaper published in Huddersfield, printed a lengthy article describing a concert performed by the school children of the Hillhouse School Board. One of the students named in the article is a Master George Bevers. Since Sheepridge, the town where the Bevers are known to have lived when Maude was baptized, is only about 1¼ mile from Hillhouse, it is possible that this article is referring to the subject of this blogpost.

CONCERT BY THE HILLHOUSE BOARD SCHOOL CHILDREN. – On Thursday night, the eighth annual concert by the children attending this school was given in the schoolroom, and the profit arising from it will be handed over to the Huddersfield Infirmary. The room was very tastefully decorated for the occasion with mottoes and texts appropriate to the coming festival, and also with evergreens studded with artificial flowers, and a few pretty bannerets judiciously and effectively placed. The concert was given by about seventy children, only those being chosen who could sing a little piece of music, chosen by Mr. Gaunt, their instructor, at sight, and one piece on the programme; and in making choice of the children to sing, neither their age nor the standard they were in was taken into account, but only their efficiency in the tonic sol fa method of singing. The result was that, with the assistance of a few adults, a concert was given which, both for the quality of the music and the manner in which it was performed, would have done credit to much older scholars. … The dialogues were well given, the accurate pronunciation of the words, and the absence of a “singing” style being very marked. The first one was taken part in by the Misses Beatrice Waite, Clara Louisa Hirst, Clara Jane Brier, and Ellen Fisher, and Masters George Bevers, F. W. Thornton, Albert Victor Shaw …. A very interesting part of the entertainment was the sight singing test, and before it took place, Mr. W. H. Bedford said some people had been under the misapprehension that it was to be a singing contest, but that was not the case; it was a test for the whole of the children together, to show that Mr. Gaunt’s teaching was real, and not that he had merely taught them to sing those pieces of music by ear. He (Mr. Bedford), taking into account the ages of the children, had not gone in for anything very difficult or elaborate. He had therefore written a long metre hymn tune. The children would sol-fa it three times first, the treble part only, and then the other voices would join in. Nobody present but himself had seen the music before that night. Copies of the test piece were then given to each scholar, and they had to hold them with the print downwards till all had got a copy; then Mr. Gaunt gave the signal to start, and the tune (which is called Clara Street), was sol-faed three times by the children very accurately. Next the other singers joined them, and it was sung through the use of the “la” only, and afterwards “Praise God from whom all blessings flow” was sung to the music, which, thus rendered, showed a simple grandeur of construction very commendable to the composer. … The room was crowded with the parents and friends of the children, and others who take an interest in the school, all of whom seemed to thoroughly appreciate and enjoy the concert, and they must have felt highly gratified with the successful manner in which Mr. Gaunt had trained the children, not in music merely, but musical knowledge.⁷

Sometime after Maude’s birth, the Bevers family made a long move west, across the country, to Liverpool where another brother was born. Finally, Alfred and Mary would have their last child in Bootle, a town three miles north of Liverpool. Both of these brothers passed away as infants.

In 1881, when the census of England was taken, the Bevers family resided at 97 Derby Road, Kirkdale, a ward of Liverpool.⁸ George, having completed his education through the 8^th grade,⁹ at the age of 15, was a “pupil teacher” at a Church of England school and his father was a tailor’s cutter.¹⁰ When George was about 17 years-old, his father emigrated to America, and a year or two later, his mother and sisters followed George’s father. Following the departure of their family, it is not known where George and his brother Herbert stayed.

Both brothers would also emigrate to the United States, and it is possible that they made the trip together in the fall of 1885. Some of the details of an entry in a passenger list of the steamship, Lord Clive, correspond with information about George and Herbert, but some does not correspond. This passenger list includes the names George Bevers and Herbert Bevers.¹¹ The spelling is the correct spelling, but Ireland is recorded as their place of birth. The Lord Clive departed from Liverpool, which would very likely be the port where the brothers would have departed. This steamship arrived at the port of Philadelphia on December 1, 1885. This date corresponds with information in the 1900 U. S. census which states that George C. Bevers immigrated in 1885.¹² But the 1900 U. S. census record for Herbert J. Bevers indicates that he didn’t immigrate until 1888.¹³ The passenger list of the Lord Clive provides additional information about the men: they were both laborers, they had never been to the United States and they were not tourists. Something that is missing on the ship manifest is the age of George and Herbert Bevers. If that information had been recorded, there would have been additional information to confirm whether the record is about our families’ ancestors.

Passenger List of the Steamship “Lord Clive”

Upon immigrating to the USA, George settled in Philadelphia. The first time there is an entry for him in the city directory of Philadelphia is in 1886 and he was the only Bevers listed in the directory that year. He was a clerk and living at 1532 Herbine.¹⁴ This was the same residence as Arthur Wright, a tailor, who would the following year become George’s father-in-law. Possibly, the Wright family and Bevers family were acquainted with each other in England. Both families lived in wards of Liverpool in 1881 and both Alfred C. Bevers and Arthur Wright were tailors.

In 1887 and for a few years afterwards, the Philadelphia city directory would list George and Arthur at the same address: 47 Apsley in Germantown, which was a suburb northwest of Philadelphia.¹⁵ In that home on Friday September 2, 1887, George married Arthur’s daughter Evelina.¹⁶ The marriage record can be found in the marriage register of the Church of Saint John the Baptist, an Episcopal church. One of the witnesses was Evelina’s brother Ernest Wright. Two years later, the baptism register of this same church has a record of George and Evelina’s daughter Evelina. The record documents her birth as September 8, 1889 and her baptism on Thursday, December 26, 1889.¹⁷ Two of the sponsors of the infant Evelina were her uncle Francis Wright and her aunt Louisa Wright, her mother’s brother and sister. In July 1888, George had declared his intention to become a citizen of the United States.¹⁸

Above and below:
Marriage record of George C. Bevers and Evelina Wright,
Marriage register of the Church of Saint John the Baptist, Germantown, Pennsylvania

Above and below:
Baptismal record of Evelina Maude Bevers,
Baptism register of the Church of Saint John the Baptist, Germantown, Pennsylvania

The Philadelphia city directories of the 1890s give a few details of George’s life.

In 1891 and in following years, George’s occupation was listed as bookkeeper instead of clerk.¹⁹
In 1893, the address for George and Arthur was Old York Road, Milestown, a few miles northeast of Germantown.²⁰ But the following year they returned to Germantown at “Pulaski a, N Apsley”²¹ and that year Evelina gave birth to a son, Arthur William Bevers on September 2, 1894.²²
In 1895 and 1896, George and Arthur’s address would be 4460 Pulaski Avenue, Germantown.²³
Then in 1897, although George’s name was not listed in the directory, at the same address as in ’95 and ’96, Arthur’s name was listed along with Arthur’s newly widowed daughter-in-law Catherine Wright and his son Ernest G. Wright.²⁴
In 1899 George and Arthur were both living at 3308 N. Broad, Philadelphia.²⁵
In 1900 they would both change their residence again to 2211 Venango, Philadelphia,²⁶ but the following year they would return to Germantown at 223 Apsley.²⁷

From that point forward Arthur’s name would no longer be listed in the city directory.

“Originally a township independent of Philadelphia …. The establishment of Germantown as a permanent German settlement in America in 1683 put into place William Penn’s bold ideas of religious toleration of different faiths in one colony, bringing Quakers to Pennsylvania together with Mennonites, Dunkards, and other groups that had been unwelcome in England and Continental Europe. In 1688 four Germantown settlers drafted a protest against slavery within the Dutch-German Quaker community that is considered to be the earliest antislavery document made public by whites in North America. …”²⁸

The 1900 U. S. census tells us some information about George’s in-laws. Arthur Wright was 63 years-old, born in England in August 1836.²⁹ His occupation was “taylor-cutter.” His wife was 69 year-old Eliza Wright, who was born in England in September 1830. Arthur, Eliza and daughter Evelina had immigrated from England in 1883. Arthur was renting a home and 35 year-old George with 38 year-old Evelina were living there, as well as their two children, 10 year-old Evelina and five year-old Arthur. Also living in the household was another of Arthur Wright’s daughters. She was 27 years-old and unmarried. A few years later, George’s in-laws would pass away. Eliza Ann Ventom Wright died on October 27, 1902³⁰ and Arthur died on March 18, 1904.³¹

From 1906 to 1911, the city directories of Philadelphia listed George’s address as 5607 Baynton, Germantown and the entries for 1909 and 1910 included his place of employment: “Mitchell & Bevers.”³² Apparently, George was in business with a man named Harry T. Mitchell. In 1911, George’s occupation was listed simply as accountant, without the notation of his business. This would be the last time that George’s name was printed in the Philadelphia city directory.

In July 1908, the Philadelphia Inquirer printed a news item about a meeting of the Artisans Order of Mutual Protection:

Germantown Assembly, No. 36, … on the 3d of July, held a unique entertainment for the enjoyment of the members. Twenty-three questions in American history were propounded, and to the member answering the greatest number correctly was given a pair of beautiful American flags. Strange to say, an Englishman, Bro. Geo. C. Bevers, won the prize with sixteen correct answers. …³³

The Artisans Order of Mutual Protection was organized May 1, 1873, the result of gentlemen who desired “to devise a form of beneficial society, embracing improvement upon the old organizations as to death benefits, and a fraternal organization to give it strength and permanency.”³⁴ The society is still in existence as of this writing, being “the second oldest fraternal insurance organization in the country.” Its website explains its position in American society: “The role of fraternalism, along with the efforts of our schools and churches, is to form a powerful alliance with government to give us a more orderly, and economically successful society.”

As of the date of the above-mentioned Artisans fraternal meeting, July 3, 1908, the United States flag had 45 stars. But beginning July 4, 1908, the flag had 46 stars because Oklahoma had been admitted to the union in November 1907.³⁵ Most likely, George had been given two 46-star flags at the Artisans meeting. The 46-star flag was flown until July 3, 1912, then it was replaced with a 48-star flag because New Mexico and Arizona had become states in the winter of 1912. (See the flag of 1908 at https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States_(1908%E2%80%931912).svg)

The 1910 U. S. Census records that the Bevers family was living in a rented home at 5607 Baynton Street in Philadelphia,³⁶ although the city directory indicates that this is in Germantown. George was an accountant in private business working on his own account. He was 44 years-old and Evelina was 48. They had been married for 23 years. Their unmarried daughter Evelina was 19; she was not attending school and did not have an occupation. Their son Arthur was 15 and attending school.

Two family events were held in Christ Church, an Episcopal church, in Germantown. George and Evelina’s son was baptized on February 13, 1910.³⁷ Then on December 2, 1911 their daughter was married to William P. Woodroffe.³⁸ The Woodroffes would move to Brooklyn, New York where George and Evelina’s grandson Francis was born in 1914 and their granddaughter Mildred was born in 1919.³⁹

Baptismal record of Arthur W. Bevers,
Baptism Register of Christ Church, Germantown, Pennsylvania

In 1917 the United States entered the great war which had been raging in Europe since 1914. Arthur Bevers joined the Army and served in the Engineer Reserve Corps from September 1917 to December 1918.⁴⁰ Upon entering the Army, he declared his residence as 39 Woodlawn Avenue, Aldan, Pennsylvania, which is the town where his parents were living when the 1920 U. S. census was taken. Only a few months after Arthur’s entrance into the Army, George and Evelina made a trip to Camden, New Jersey to attend his marriage to Martha T. Severns on December 22, 1917.⁴¹ George and Evelina gained three more grandchildren when Dorothy was born in 1919, George was born in 1922 and William was born in 1923.

From this point forward the record trail for George and Evelina dwindles. According to the 1920 U. S. census, they were living at 201 East Providence Road in Aldan, Pennsylvania, a small town west of Philadelphia. George owned their house, he had a mortgage and he was a cashier at a mill.⁴² The census record also indicates that George had become a naturalized citizen of the United States in 1908 and that Evelina was naturalized as well, but no date is supplied in the record.

Only a couple of family events are known about George and Evelina’s life in the 1920s. First, Evelina’s sister Louise Wright Millar died in 1924, and George submitted the information for her death certificate.⁴³ Second, their daughter Evelina and her husband moved back to Philadelphia sometime after 1920 and in 1927 their third child Mary was born, George and Evelina’s sixth grandchild.⁴⁴

When the U. S. census was taken in 1930, it appears that George and Evelina were still living in the same home in which they had lived 10 years earlier. The home was valued at $10,000 and they owned a radio set.⁴⁵ George at 64 years-old was a credit manager at a woolen goods establishment. Evelina was 68 years-old. A couple of family historians state that Evelina died on August 12, 1933 and one states that she was buried in Aldan on August 15, 1933, but documentation of Evelina’s death has not been located. In the 1940 U. S. census, 74 year-old George was recorded as a widower, unable to work and he was living with his son Arthur in Inglewood, California at 520 W. Hillcrest Blvd.⁴⁶ Arthur’s family included his wife Martha and their children Dorothy, George and William. According to the census, five years earlier George had been living in Philadelphia.

Three years later Arthur supplied the information for George’s death certificate. George had lived with Arthur for five years prior to his death and for the last five months of his life he stayed at Gray’s Sanitarium in Los Angeles, California.⁴⁷ On June 21, 1943, twelve days after his 78^th birthday, George succumbed to cardiac failure, having suffered from cardiac disease for a couple of years. George’s body was cremated by Inglewood Park Cemetery, Inglewood, California.

1 FreeBMD, “Births registered in April, May, June 1865,” [vol. 9D, page 234] England & Wales, FreeBMD Birth Index, 1837-1915 (Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, publisher, 2006): http://www.Ancestry.com.

2 V. Bettney, “Hull: A History,” The York Historian (August 8, 2017): https://theyorkhistorian.com/2017/08/08/hull-a-history/.

3 “Kingston upon Hull” (Wikipedia): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull.

4 Encyclopaedia Britannica, editors, “William Wilberforce, British Politician,” Britannica (January 13, 2023): https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-Wilberforce.

5 V. Bettney, “Hull: A History”: https://theyorkhistorian.com/2017/08/08/hull-a-history/.

6 Ancestry.com, 1871 England Census [Class: RG10; Piece: 4372; Folio: 86; Page: 19; GSU roll: 848087], (Provo, Utah, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc., publisher, 2004): http://www.Ancestry.com.

7 Weekly Examiner (Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, England, December 18, 1875): 3.

8 Ancestry.com, 1881 England Census [Class: RG11; Piece: 3684; Folio: 133; Page: 23; GSU roll: 1341882] (Provo, Utah, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc., publisher, 2004): http://www.Ancestry.com.

9 “United States Census, 1940”, database with images, FamilySearch (ark:/61903/1:1:K975-B84 : Thu Mar 16 16:18:54 UTC 2023), Entry for Dorothy Bevers and George S Bevers, 1940.

10 Ancestry.com, 1881 England Census.

11 “Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Passenger Lists, 1883-1945,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-GPBF-QKS?cc=1921481&wc=M616-JTP%3A214200701 : 21 May 2014), 006 – v. G, Jul 5, 1885-Dec 28, 1885 > image 393 of 448; citing NARA microfilm publication T840 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.).

12 “United States Census, 1900,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-DZV6-7M?cc=1325221&wc=9B7K-NQX%3A1030550501%2C1036056801%2C1036357801 : 5 August 2014), Pennsylvania > Philadelphia > ED 976 Philadelphia city Ward 38 > image 28 of 33; citing NARA microfilm publication T623 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.).

13 “United States Census, 1900,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-68DY-PH?cc=1325221&wc=9B7H-9LQ%3A1031648401%2C1033119401%2C1033119402 : 5 August 2014), South Dakota > Roberts > ED 282 Agency, One Road & Spring Grove Townships > image 4 of 11; citing NARA microfilm publication T623 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.).

14 James Gopsill’s Sons, Publishers, Gopsill’s Street Index and City Guide of the City of Philadelphia (Philadelphia: James Gopsill’s Sons, Publishers, 1886): 182.

15 Gopsill’s Sons, Publishers, Gopsill’s Philadelphia City Directory (Philadelphia: Gopsill’s Sons, Publishers, 1887): 180 & 1843.

16 Historical Society of Pennsylvania, “St. John the Baptist Church, Germantown, 1876 to March 1891” in Pennsylvania and New Jersey, U.S., Church and Town Records, 1669-2013 [database on-line] (Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2011): 200-01.

17 Historical Society of Pennsylvania, “St. John the Baptist Church, Germantown, 1876 to March 1891” in Pennsylvania and New Jersey, U.S., Church and Town Records, 1669-2013 [database on-line] (Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2011): 100-01.

18 Ancestry.com, [Naturalization Petition of George C. Bevers], Pennsylvania, Federal Naturalization Records, 1795-1931 (Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2011).

19 James Gopsill’s Sons, Publishers, Gopsill’s Philadelphia City Directory (Philadelphia: James Gopsill’s Sons, 1891): 165.

20 James Gopsill’s Sons, Gopsill’s Philadelphia City Directory (Philadelphia: James Gopsill’s Sons, 1893): 169 & 2124.

21 James Gopsill’s Sons, Gopsill’s Philadelphia City Directory (Philadelphia: James Gopsill’s Sons, 1894): 173 & 2167.

22 Historical Society of Pennsylvania, “Christ Church and St Michaels Episcopal, Germantown, Philadelphia PA, 1899 to 1938” in Pennsylvania and New Jersey, U.S., Church and Town Records, 1669-2013 (Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2011): 34-35.

23 James Gopsill’s Sons, Gopsill’s Philadelphia City Directory (Philadelphia: James Gopsill’s Sons, 1895): 164 & 2050.

24 James Gopsill’s Sons, Gopsill’s Philadelphia City Directory (Philadelphia: James Gopsill’s Sons, 1897): 2180.

25 James Gopsill’s Sons, Gopsill’s Philadelphia City Directory (Philadelphia: James Gopsill’s Sons, 1899): 197 & 2471.

26 James Gopsill’s Sons, Gopsill’s Philadelphia City Directory (Philadelphia: James Gopsill’s Sons, 1900): 197 & 2498.

27 James Gopsill’s Sons, Gopsill’s Philadelphia City Directory (Philadelphia: James Gopsill’s Sons, 1901): 215 & 2631.

28 D. W. Young, “Historic Germantown: New Knowledge in a Very Old Neighborhood,” The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia: https://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/essays/historic-germantown-new-knowledge-in-a-very-old-neighborhood-2/.

29 “United States Census, 1900”, database with images, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M3WT-MLY : 27 January 2023), Authur Wright, 1900.

30 Historical Society of Pennsylvania, “Kirk & Nice, Undertakers” [record books], in Pennsylvania and New Jersey, Church and Town Records, 1708-1985 (Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2011).

31 Historical Society of Pennsylvania, “Kirk & Nice, Undertakers” [record books].

32 C. E. Howe Co., Philadelphia City Register (Philadelphia: C. E. Howe Company, 1910): 213.

33 “Artisans Order of Mutual Protection,” Philadelphia Inquirer (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, July 12, 1908): 3, Newspapers.com.

34 Artisans Order of Mutual Protection, “History”: http://www.artisansaomp.org/history.html.

35 Armed Forces History Collections, “Facts about the United States Flag,” Smithsonian Institution (Public Inquiry Services, September 2001): https://www.si.edu/spotlight/flag-day/flag-facts.

36 “United States Census, 1910,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33S7-9RKV-WRB?cc=1727033&wc=QZZH-W5T%3A133638001%2C143194401%2C143376101%2C1589124991 : 24 June 2017), Pennsylvania > Philadelphia > Philadelphia Ward 22 > ED 407 > image 15 of 24; citing NARA microfilm publication T624 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.).

37 Historical Society of Pennsylvania, “Christ Church and St Michaels Episcopal, Germantown, Philadelphia PA, 1899 to 1938”: 34-35.

38 Historical Society of Pennsylvania, “Christ Church and St Michaels Episcopal, Germantown, Philadelphia PA, 1899 to 1938”: 388-389.

39 The National Archives at Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, “Petition of Naturalization” [of Evelina M. Woodroffe] in Pennsylvania, U.S., Federal Naturalization, 1795-1931 (Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2011).

40 Ancestry.com, Pennsylvania, U.S., World War I Veterans Service and Compensation Files, 1917-1919, 1934-1948 (Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2015).

41 Ancestry.com, “St. John’s Church, Camden, N. J. 2d Appendix to Volume 3, Marriages,” New Jersey, U. S., Episcopal Diocese of New Jersey, Church Records, 1700-1970 (Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2021): 118.

42 “United States Census, 1920”, database with images, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M61K-TBX : 3 February 2021), George C Bever, 1920.

43 Ancestry.com, Pennsylvania, U.S., Death Certificates, 1906-1968 (Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2014).

44 The National Archives at Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, “Petition of Naturalization” [of Evelina M. Woodroffe].

45 “United States Census, 1930,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-GRZH-HT?cc=1810731&wc=QZF7-YD9%3A649490601%2C649796601%2C649796602%2C1589282332 : 8 December 2015), Pennsylvania > Delaware > Aldan > ED 1 > image 14 of 22; citing NARA microfilm publication T626 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 2002).

46 “United States Census, 1940”, database with images, FamilySearch (ark:/61903/1:1:K975-B84 : Thu Mar 16 16:18:54 UTC 2023), Entry for Dorothy Bevers and George S Bevers, 1940.

47 “California, County Birth and Death Records, 1800-1994,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-89SV-Y9CV-J?cc=2001287&wc=FP4T-DP8%3A285176601%2C285575401 : 27 September 2019), Los Angeles, Los Angeles > Death certificates 1943 no 7540-9600 > image 2603 of 2794; California State Archives, Sacramento.

Alfred and Mary Bevers’ Family Bible

January 30, 2023August 2, 2025 MRWLeave a comment

One of the sources that documents the marriage and offspring of Alfred C. and Mary N. (nee Bridges) Bevers is the Family Register on which, it is assumed, either Alfred or Mary wrote in distinguished script the details of their marriage as well as the births and deaths of their children. (To see these records, go to this Legacy page: https://sojourners.family.blog/legacies/bevers-family-bible/.) This Family Register can be found in a Bible that has been in the possession of one of Alfred and Mary’s great-great-grandsons, Kyle N. Bevers. He relates: “It was in terrible shape when my parents rescued it from the sale items after Maude Bevers Waters died in 1958. There were many loose pages and both the leather covers were completely separated from the binding. It was passed on to me by my father ….”¹ Maude Waters was Alfred and Mary’s youngest daughter (b. 1875) and she was a grandaunt of Kyle’s father.

There is no publication date in the Bevers’ Family Bible, but based on some comparisons with similar Bibles sold on the Internet, at the time Kyle’s parents obtained the Bible, it was probably around eighty or ninety years old. Another fifty years would pass by before the Bible would be restored and rebound. Kyle’s wife decided to take it to a bookbinder, and in 2007 the Bible’s original august appearance was renewed. Kyle explains: “the binder … is a native of England and was trained by monks there who did book binding. He has some great old equipment and was of course thrilled to work on the book that size and of such antiquity.”²

The bookbinder’s goal of restoration was “to retain the original appearance” of the Bible and he declared that, if the book was cared for, the restoration would enable it to exist for another one or two hundred years.³ The restoration included:

Mending the pages with an archival quality repair tape, especially the pages around the family history section
Making new cloth-jointed endpapers using authentic Victorian Bible papers imported from England
Attaching new linings of linen and kraft paper on the spine
Attaching a new silk page marker ribbon
Attaching endbands at the head and tail of the spine
Re-backing the spine of the book with new goatskin leather (archivally tanned in England) which was placed underneath the original leather
Re-mounting the original spine onto the newly bound spine
Dyeing and polishing the faded original leather
Re-attaching the brass clasps with brass pins⁴

Alfred and Mary’s Bible is an edition of The Self-Interpreting Family Bible edited by Rev. John Brown of Haddington, Scotland. Their edition was printed in Glasgow, Scotland, although the publisher was located in Bolton-Le-Moors, England. The title of the Bible is followed by explanations of its contents:

CONTAINING THE

OLD AND NEW TESTAMENTS

TO WHICH ARE ANNEXED

AN EXTENSIVE INTRODUCTION; MARGINAL REFERENCES AND ILLUSTRATIONS;

AN EXACT SUMMARY OF THE SEVERAL BOOKS;

A PARAPHRASE ON THE MOST OBSCURE OR IMPORTANT PARTS;

EXPLANATORY NOTES, EVANGELICAL REFLECTIONS, &c., &c. …

WITH MANY ADDITIONAL REFERENCES AND A LIFE OF THE AUTHOR.

WITH NUMEROUS COLOURED ILLUSTRATIONS IN OIL.⁵

Rev. John Brown who lived from 1722 to 1787 published his original edition of The Self-Interpreting Family Bible in 1778.⁶ For about 140 years, there were numerous versions printed in Scotland and America.⁷ The Dunham Bible Museum provides a description of the uniqueness of Brown’s edition over other Bibles of the time:

Brown’s Bible included explanatory notes placed at the bottom of the page with the scriptural text above. These notes, focusing primarily on translation issues, grammar or historical background, were primarily to make the text more understandable. The notes for each section were followed by “reflections,” which applied the Scripture to the heart. Throughout his work Brown emphasized that the goal of Scripture was to promote holiness and virtue and to glorify God. Dates and Scripture cross-references were placed in the margin.⁸

Rev. Brown himself remarked about his work on this Bible: “I can truly say, that my labor, in collecting the parallel texts in this work, has afforded me much more Pleasant Insight into the oracles of God than all the numerous commentaries which I ever perused.”⁹ (A digitized version of The Self-Interpreting Bible can be found on the Reformed Standards website.)

Although Alfred and Mary’s edition of Brown’s Family Bible does not have a date of publication, an estimated date can be surmised by the contents of the Bible. One of the items listed on the title page is “a life of the author.” A version of Rev. John Brown’s biography, believed to be written by his son William Brown, appeared in the 1859 edition of Brown’s Self-Interpreting Family Bible.¹⁰ The biography does not give the author’s name, but William Brown was the editor of the 1859 edition. Since there is a biography in Alfred and Mary’s Bible, it is unlikely that their edition was printed before 1859. Another item which helps date the Bible is the title page in Alfred and Mary’s Bible. The same title page can be found in Bibles published by different publishers (all of the wording is the same except the name of the publisher at the bottom). One publisher’s edition of Brown’s Bible having this version of the title page was listed on a book seller’s website. The description of the Bible on the website says that it was printed by the same printer as Alfred and Mary’s Bible, and the book seller supplied an estimated printing date of 1870.¹¹

Excerpts from a biography of Rev. John Brown

The REV. JOHN BROWN was born in the year 1722, at Carpow, a small village in the parish of Abernethy, and county of Perth. His parents ranked in that class of society who earn their bread by the sweat of their brow. His father could boast of no rent-rolls, nor had he any title of honour, save that of an honest man and an industrious mechanic, who, during the greater part of his life, laboured in the profession of an operative weaver. … he was nevertheless a man of considerable intelligence, moral worth, and Christian sincerity. He made conscience of keeping up the worship of God in his family, and set a Christian example before them ….¹²

When Brown was about 11 years old, both of his parents passed away, first his father and shortly afterwards his mother.

An elder in the parish of Abernethy – an aged shepherd and an eminent Christian, respectable also for his intelligence, though so destitute of education that he could not so much as read – cheerfully embraced the opportunity of supplying the deficiency under which he laboured, by engaging the homeless orphan, to assist him in tending his flock, and in reading for him as opportunity allowed.¹³

Throughout this arrangement, the elder and young Brown read, conversed and prayed together, resulting in spiritual nurturing as the youngster grew.

… by pondering over the books he read, and the sermons he heard, the young man was brought under very impressive apprehensions of the majesty of God, the hatefulness of sin, the love of Christ, and the utter insignificance of all earthly enjoyments, when contrasted with the glories of heaven; so that the pleasure of his secret devotions was greatly augmented, while he felt his conscience daily becoming more tender, and his walk and conversation more assimilated to that of his Lord and Master.¹⁴

When the elder chose to settle in Abernethy, Brown found a position with a nearby farmer. During this time, he felt it was his duty to join the Secession Church, a sect that had separated from the Church of Scotland due to its institution of a policy to disregard the expression of dissenting opinions.¹⁵ Brown continued to study diligently, mostly on his own, so that he could become a “shepherd of souls.”¹⁶ His studies included becoming acquainted with the Greek and Latin languages.

… he was, at this time, anxious to obtain a Greek Testament, that he might have the satisfaction of reading, in the original language, the character and work, the holy life and vicarious death, of Him who feedeth his flock like a shepherd, and laid down his life for his sheep. Buoyed up with these hopes, and excited by this anxiety, after folding his flock one summer evening, and procuring the consent of his fellow-shepherd to watch it next day, he made a nocturnal trip to St. Andrews, distant about twenty-four miles, where he arrived in the morning. He called at the first bookseller’s shop that came in his way, and having inquired for the article in question, the shopman, on observing his apparent rusticity and mountain habiliments (dress characteristic of his occupation), told him that he had Greek Testaments and Hebrew Bibles in abundance, but suspected an English Testament would answer his purpose much better. In the mean time some gentlemen, said to have been professors in the university, happened to enter the shop, and learning what was going on, seemed much of the shopman’s opinion. One of these, however, ordered the volume to be produced, and, taking it in his hand, said, “Young man, here is the Greek Testament, and you shall have it at the easy charge of reading the first passage that turns up.” It was too good an offer to be rejected: the shepherd accepted the challenge, and performed the conditions to the satisfaction and astonishment of the party; and Mr. Brown very modestly retired with his prize.¹⁷

Eventually, Brown left his vocation as a shepherd and took up being an itinerant salesman. As he traveled around the countryside, he would often take up reading the books of his hosts rather than attend to his business of selling wares.¹⁸ Subsequently, it was suggested to Brown that he may do well as a schoolmaster. This profession he did for two years and it is noteworthy that nine of his students became ministers.¹⁹ During the school vacations, Brown studied philosophy and divinity. After completing several courses, he was licensed in 1751 by the presbytery of Edinburgh.²⁰ Shortly thereafter, he accepted the call from the congregation at Haddington to serve as their pastor.

Rev. Brown had an exceptional capacity to learn languages as well as committing scripture passages to memory.

In the summer months his constant rule was to rise between four and five, and during the winter by six. From these early hours, till eight in the evening, excepting the time allotted to bodily refreshment, family worship, or when called away on the duties of office, he continued to prosecute his studies with unremitting application. To a mind so ardent in the acquisition of knowledge, with a judgment so clear, a retentive memory, and exertions so intense, it was by no means surprising that he became greatly superior to most men engaged in discharging the same sacred duties.

In acquiring the knowledge of languages, ancient or modern, he possessed a facility altogether his own. Without an instructor [except for one month], … he soon got so far acquainted with [Latin] as to relish its beauties; and, left to his own resources, … he soon became critically acquainted with the Greek, and especially the Hebrew. Of the living languages, he could read and translate the Arabic, Syriac, Persic, and Ethiopic, the French, Spanish, Italian, Dutch, and German.

With him natural history, civil law, natural and moral philosophy, were particular objects of research; but divinity, and the history of human affairs, sacred or civil, were his favourite studies ….²¹

While Rev. Brown served as a minister at Haddington, he also became an author. His first publication was a “large work on the Catechism, which appeared in the year 1758 …,” and the publication which required the most work was his Dictionary of the Bible.²² In 1768, he was elected by a branch of the Secession Church to be a professor of divinity.²³ Rev. Brown continued his ministerial services until shortly before his death in 1787.

For many of the years that Alfred C. Bevers and his wife lived in Dakota Territory and then in South Dakota after it was organized as a state, Alfred was a supply pastor in the Dakota Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Over a period of about 15 years, Alfred was assigned to seven churches. As they moved from town to town, it is likely that the Family Bible was transported with them. It is intriguing to contemplate that this Bible with its well-researched explanations and notes by Rev. John Brown was available to Alfred when he wanted to study the Scriptures.

1 K. N. Bevers, email communication with M. R. Wilson, dated April 23, 2020.

2 Bevers, April 23, 2020.

3 T. Farthing, personal letter to M. A. Bevers, dated Christmas, 2006.

4 Farthing, Christmas, 2006.

5 W. Bruckshaw, Publisher, Brown’s Self-Interpreting Bible, (Bolton-Le-Moors, Lancashire, England: n. d.): Title Page.

6 Dunham Bible Museum, “John Brown’s Self-Interpreting Bible” (Houston, Texas: Dunham Bible Museum, 2008): 1, https://www.hbu.edu/publications/museums/Dunham_Bible_Museum/DBM_JohnBrown_Self-Interpreting_Bible.pdf.

7 Reformed Standards, https://reformedstandards.com/bible/.

8 Dunham Bible Museum, “John Brown’s Self-Interpreting Bible”: 3.

9 Dunham Bible Museum, “John Brown’s Self-Interpreting Bible”: 3.

10 R. E. Waddell, “Rev John Brown of Haddington,” https://www.ornaverum.org/family/brown/john-haddington.html.

11 Halden Books (Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom, accessed January 27, 2023): https://www.abebooks.co.uk/servlet/BookDetailsPL?bi=31176038172&searchurl=sortby%3D17%26tn%3Dbrown%2527s%2Bself%2Binterpreting%2Bfamily%2Bbible%2Bcontaining%2Bthe%2Bold%2Band%2Bnew%2Btestaments&cm_sp=snippet-_-srp1-_-title9.

12 J. D. Chitty, “Memoir of the Rev. John Brown, part 1” [transcription of author’s biography of The Self-Interpreting Bible (Glasgow, Edinburgh and London: Blackie and Son, 1859)], (August 24, 2010): https://capthk.com/category/books/john-browns-self-interpreting-bible/memoir-of-the-rev-john-brown-of-haddington/.

13 Chitty, “Memoir of the Rev. John Brown, part 2,” [transcription] (August 25, 2010).

14 Chitty, “Memoir of the Rev. John Brown, part 2,” [transcription] (August 25, 2010).

15 Chitty, “Memoir of the Rev. John Brown, part 3,” [transcription] (August 31, 2010).

16 Chitty, “Memoir of the Rev. John Brown, part 4,” [transcription] (September 1, 2010).

17 Chitty, “Memoir of the Rev. John Brown, part 4,” [transcription] (September 1, 2010).

18 Chitty, “Memoir of the Rev. John Brown, part 6,” [transcription] (November 27, 2011).

19 Chitty, “Memoir of the Rev. John Brown, part 6,” [transcription] (November 27, 2011).

20 Chitty, “Memoir of the Rev. John Brown, part 7,” [transcription] (February 26, 2012).

21 Chitty, “Memoir of the Rev. John Brown, part 8,” [transcription] (November 3, 2012).

22 Chitty, “Memoir of the Rev. John Brown, part 10,” [transcription] (November 8, 2012).

23 Chitty, “Memoir of the Rev. John Brown, part 9,” [transcription] (November 5, 2012).

Charles and Maggie in the 1890s

November 11, 2020February 14, 2021 MRW3 Comments

Following the marriage of Charles M. Daily and Maggie O. Bonewitz on November 18, 1891, they set up their household at 4801 Leavenworth in the developing area of West Side in Omaha, Nebraska.¹ Their residence was about four blocks from Maggie’s parents, brothers and one of her sisters. Maggie’s parents and brother Sidney lived at 4817 Pacific.² Her brother Harman lived at 47^th and Pacific with his wife Cornelia and his son.³ Her sister Carrie lived at 4824 Pacific with her husband Charles White and their two children.⁴ About two miles away, Maggie’s sister Emma was living at 1213 South 29^th Street with her husband John Thompson and their three daughters.⁵

A section of an 1892 map of Omaha, Nebraska identifying the locations of the residences of the Daily, Bonewitz, White and Thompson families.⁶

Charles and Maggie were living in a city that had begun as a small frontier village in 1854. In less than forty years, it would be called “the metropolis of Nebraska” and described as follows:

“Upon entering Omaha we find ourselves treading finely paved streets and surrounded by a busy throng of active, energetic people, substantial and elegant buildings on every side, stores filled with goods from every clime, and all the appliances of modern civilization, and can scarcely realize the fact that some are living here who remember when the buffalo, the deer and the wolf were hunted by the Indian over the hills, the bluffs and the prairies where this great city, occupying an area of 24 2/3 square miles …, now stands. The streets are broad, cleanly, well lighted and many of them excellently paved with granite, Colorado sandstone, asphaltum, or cedar or cypress blocks, making fine drives and roadways.”⁷

Before their first wedding anniversary, Charles and Maggie became the parents of Gladys Melvina, who was born October 10, 1892. Gladys was a seven month baby.⁸ By 1896, which was the year their second daughter Oranna Josephine was born, Charles and Maggie were living in a house that Charles had built.⁹ It was located at the corner of Pacific Avenue and South 46^th Street, only 1 ½ blocks from Maggie’s parents’ home, and on the same street and very near to her brother Harman’s house. The 1897 Omaha city directory explains that the houses in much of Omaha had been re-numbered that year,¹⁰ so from that point forward the Dailys’ house had the address: 1022 South 46^th Street. Maggie gave birth to a son on March 7, 1899, but the baby only lived two days and was buried in Evergreen Memorial Park. Then a year later, Robert Lee was born on May 10, 1900.

Prior to his marriage, for a few years Charles Daily had been working for Maggie’s brother-in-law, Charles White, who had been running a coal and feed business. Around 1891 White began working at a bakery,¹¹ so Daily changed employers and in 1892 can be found working with West Omaha Coal & Ice Co.¹² Although it is not known whether Daily had ownership in this company, he did have a significant role as evidenced by Daily’s name being printed in the company’s advertisement in the 1894 Omaha City Directory. (See the ad below.) According to Maggie’s son Robert, Maggie worked as a bookkeeper for this same business.¹³ Then in 1897, Daily was employed by Omaha Coal, Coke and Lime Company as a teamster. At that time, a teamster was a “‘person who drives a team of horses’ (especially in hauling freight).”¹⁴

Advertisement in *Omaha City Directory for 1894*¹⁵

There are a couple interesting things to note in the advertisement of West Omaha Coal and Ice Company. One thing is: the location of the “Yard” is close to the location of Charles and Maggie’s first address (4801 Leavenworth would be one of the corners of 48^th and Leavenworth). Another interesting thing is that this business has telephone numbers. The introduction of the telephone in Omaha and its dissemination within the city was quiet and slow. It had begun about 15 years earlier, shortly before Maggie’s family moved to Omaha.

“… Louis H. Korty, an Omaha railroad executive, had seen Bell’s exhibit at Philadelphia and became interested in its possibilities. In the summer of 1877 he sent to Boston for a pair of the instruments. He induced a fellow railroad man, J. J. Dickey, to cooperate with him and in November connected the telephones across the Missouri River to establish connection from his office at Omaha to the Union Pacific Transfer at Council Bluffs.

“Messrs. Korty and Dickey then formed a partnership, acquiring license rights from the Bell Company at Boston for a portion of Iowa and all of Nebraska, Wyoming, Montana and Idaho. For a year they were content to lease their telephones in pairs to provide private lines without interconnection to customers in western Iowa and eastern Nebraska. In the spring of 1879 they admitted S. H. H. Clark, then president of the Union Pacific, into partnership and organized the Omaha telephone exchange. This was brought into service in July 1879 ….”¹⁶

During the year before the telephone exchange was organized (1878), Korty and Dickey, running their business as Omaha Electric Company, had enlisted 150 telephone subscribers.¹⁷ These were two-party lines which did not connect to other subscribers. When the telephone exchange was formed, which was named Nebraska Telephone Company, it had two operators, and the first telephone directory was issued.¹⁷ Soon afterward the telephone company “reported it had 323 subscribers that were interconnected by 160 miles of telephone wires.”¹⁹

The first mention of telephones in an Omaha city directory was made in the 1883 edition: “Omaha is connected with all the principal cities in Nebraska by telephone, and with Council Bluffs, Iowa, by that marvelous invention, the telephone ….”²⁰ This issue of the city directory has the first listing of Nebraska Telephone Company. By 1887, there were 4,500 subscribers and a press release announced that it provided service to 70 fire and 40 police department “boxes.”²¹

Very little mention of the telephone service is given in the city directory until the 1892 edition, in which it was reported that the Nebraska Telephone Company was about to erect a three-story fireproof building that would be “adapted exclusively for telephone purposes, … fitted throughout with all the latest and most improved apparatus and appliances pertaining to the telephone business.”²² The 1894 edition announced the following:

“The Nebraska Telephone Co., has completed and now occupies its fine new fire-proof exchange building, at the corner of South Eighteenth and Douglas streets, and is operating its system mostly through underground wires, thus relieving the city from much that was dangerous as well as inconvenient and unsightly.

“The adoption of the underground system caused the laying of 1,500 miles of copper wire in 40,000 feet of 100 pair cables. The improvements cost about $180,000 and bring the company’s operations up to the highest state of efficiency, by the adoption of the latest improvements and inventions.”²³

On April 30, 1897, Charles wrote a letter to his father, Joseph S. Daily, who lived in Fredericksburg, Indiana. This is known because Joseph makes note of this fact in a letter dated May 13, 1897 which he sent to his son Charles. It is unlikely that Charles’ letter still exists, but Joseph’s letter is in possession of one of his great-grandsons. At the time that Joseph wrote the letter, he was afflicted with catarrh. Currently, the word catarrh isn’t used much in the United States, but the condition is as common as ever (catarrh is the build-up of mucus in the nasal passages and in the throat.)²⁴

Charles may have sent his father a copy of The American, which was a weekly newspaper edited by John C. Thompson, the husband of Maggie’s sister, Emma. John was a printer, and having opened his own shop about six years earlier,²⁵ he started printing a newspaper as an organ of a secret society called the American Protective Association.²⁶ Joseph declined Charles’ offer of having the newspaper sent to him, saying he didn’t have time to read it. The text of Joseph’s letter follows:

“C. M. Daily

“Dear Son.

“Yours of April 30^th 1897, at hand. I have not seen or heard of your expose in 98. altho it may have been in some of the Papers I read as I pay no attention to such matters. As to the Amrican News-Paper, you nead not send it as I have not time to read so many Papers.

“My healh is bad and has been so for a year. I have Cattarh in my nose which if I could get rid off I believe I would be well. I am doctoring for to cure the Cattarh all the time, I cannot sleep well of Nights.

“We are having Plenty of rain, and the farmers are getting along well with their Planting.

“Your affectionate Pa

“Joseph Daily”

Joseph mentioned that he had not heard of “your expose in 98.” He was referring to the Trans-Mississippi Exposition that would be held the next year in Omaha from June 1 until October 31, 1898. The purpose of the exposition was “to showcase the economic, cultural and artistic achievements of the individuals who lived in this region. All of the buildings, which housed over 5000 exhibits, were built as temporary structures. A monument to the exposition is in Omaha’s Kountze Park, the former site of the exposition.”²⁷ This exposition is the largest event Omaha has ever hosted.²⁸

“William Jennings Bryan brought the idea of a multistate agricultural fair to Omaha leaders after he attended the Chicago World’s Fair in 1893. From this, plans were developed for Omaha to be the site of the Trans-Mississippi Exposition five years later.

“… The cornerstone for the Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition and Indian Congress was laid in April [1897] and the project got underway a week later. Thomas Kimball, chief architect for the Trans-Miss Exposition, supervised the design of classical buildings around a central lagoon, which became the “Grand Court” and centerpiece for hundreds of activities. The Trans-Miss was located on 184 acres of land in North Omaha donated by the Kountze family.”²⁹

Joseph, still suffering from catarrh, wrote another letter to Charles, dated March 9, 1899. He noted that Charles had written a letter to him, dated on the sixth. At the end of the letter, Joseph mentions that he previously wrote a family history and sent it to Charles. It is not known at this time if that original document still exists, but it may be the basis of the History of the Daily’s, which is the research work of Charles’ daughter, Iona Daily Zick, and has been distributed among Joseph and Charles’ descendants. The text of Joseph’s letter reads:

“Dear Son Charles M.

“I received your letter of 6 inst. today. We are all well at this writing, I say we are all well – there is but me and Mattie my wife here in Washington county. I am afflicted with Lingrip Catarrh and have been so afflicted for [the last] 3 or 4 years and am in the habit of saying we are all well that means my wife is well. I think maby when it gets warm I will get better It has moderated to day and I feel better. We have had a long cold winter and this for March so far has been like January.

“The only excuse I will make for writing this letter with a pencil instead of pen and ink is I am sitting at my writing desk with pencil, and would have to get up to ink and pen …. It is a task for me to write any way since I have been sick.

“you ask me about Mattie’s Picture I think I sent you her Picture with my own several years ago when I give you a history of your Ancestors – your grandfathers and great grandfathers.

“I am weak and exhausted so I will have to quit.

“Your affectionate Pa Pa

“Joseph Daily”

Notes:

Omaha City Directory Including South Omaha for 1893 (Omaha, Nebraska: J. M. Wolfe & Co., Publishers, 1893): 247.
Omaha City Directory Including South Omaha for 1893: 152.
Omaha City and South Omaha City Directory for 1891 (Omaha, Nebraska: J. M. Wolfe & Co., Publishers, 1891): 103.
Omaha City and South Omaha City Directory for 1892 (Omaha, Nebraska: J. M. Wolfe & Co., Publishers, 1892): 686.
Omaha City and South Omaha City Directory for 1892: 644.
Omaha City and South Omaha City Directory for 1892: front.
Omaha City and South Omaha City Directory for 1890 (Omaha, Nebraska: J. M. Wolfe & Co., Publishers, 1890): 10.
M. R. Wilson, transcription of Robert Lee Daily Interview by R. Thiele, recording (ca. 1984): 19.
M. R. Wilson, transcription of Robert Lee Daily Interview: 4.
McAvoy’s Omaha City Directory for 1897 (Omaha, Nebraska: Omaha Directory Company, 1897): 11.
This statement is based on the fact that the 1892 Omaha city directory has an entry for C. P. White which indicates his workplace is a bakery; Omaha City and South Omaha City Directory for 1892: 686.
Omaha City Directory Including South Omaha for 1892: 169.
M. R. Wilson, transcription of Robert Lee Daily Interview: 4, 19.
Online Etymology Dictionary, “Teamster,” https://www.etymonline.com/word/teamster.
Omaha City Directory for 1894 (Omaha, Nebraska: The J. M. Wolfe Directory Co., Publishers, 1894): 813.
The Lincoln Telephone and Telegraph Company, The History of L T & T (The Lincoln Telephone and Telegraph Company: Lincoln, Nebraska, 1955): 3, http://bellsystempractices.org/Miscellaneous/the_history_of_lincoln_telephone_and_telegraph_-_1955-small.pdf.
Jim McKee, “The telephone comes to Omaha” (Lincoln, Nebraska: Lincoln Journal Star, Jan 24, 2015): https://journalstar.com/news/local/jim-mckee-the-telephone-comes-to-omaha/article_5b1f1678-bada-5b27-8220-f08fc40e99a2.html.
Jim McKee, “The telephone comes to Omaha.”
Jim McKee, “The telephone comes to Omaha.”
J. M. Wolfe, Wolfe’s Omaha City Directory 1883-84 (Omaha, Nebraska: Herald Printing, Binding and Electrotyping Establishment, 1883): 19.
Jim McKee, “The telephone comes to Omaha.”
Omaha City and South Omaha City Directory for 1892: 9-10.
Omaha City Directory for 1894: 10.
Jill Seladi-Schulman, Going with the Flow: Recognizing and Treating Catarrh (Postnasal Drip) (Healthline Media, September 28, 2020): https://www.healthline.com/health/allergies/catarrh#definition.
Omaha City and South Omaha City Directory for 1892: 644.
University of Nebraska-Lincoln, The American, http://nebnewspapers.unl.edu/lccn/2017270212/.
Trans-Mississippi Exposition, Omaha, Nebraska, 1898, http://www.historicomaha.com/transmis.htm#:~:text=The%20Trans-Mississippi%20Exposition%2C%20held%20in%20Omaha%2C%20Nebraska%2C%20from,housed%20over%205000%20exhibits%2C%20were%20built%20as%20temporary.
Liz Rea, History at a glance (Omaha, Nebraska: Douglas County Historical Society, 2007): 56, http://www.douglascohistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/History-at-a-Glance-9-2007.pdf.
Liz Rea, History at a glance: 51, 54-55.

Four Weddings in Omaha

September 13, 2020December 7, 2023 MRW4 Comments

On October 14, 1882, a young man named Charles W. Savidge arrived in Omaha to begin serving as the pastor of First Methodist Church.¹ Located at Seventeenth and Davenport, the congregation had been established in September 1855,² a year and a half after the village of Omaha had been incorporated in Nebraska Territory. When Rev. Savidge wrote his autobiography in 1914, he had served as a minister in Omaha for 31 years, having left the city for only one year to minister in Grand Island, Nebraska. Regarding one of his accomplishments, Rev. Savidge stated, “I have now married nearly three thousand couples. I have married all kinds of people, all colors, nearly all nationalities and all ages; some have been young, some old and others middle-aged.”³

Nearly six months after beginning his ministry in Omaha, Rev. Savidge performed the marriage ceremony of John C. Thompson and Emma V. Bonewitz. The groom was the 22 year-old son of Benjamin and Elizabeth Thompson and was a newspaper editor, residing in Brownville, Nebraska, a city about 75 miles south of Omaha. Thompson is mentioned in a history of Brownville:

“April, 1882, J. Thompson, a young man who learned the printer’s trade in the Advertiser office, purchased an office in Fullerton, Neb., and established a Republican paper in the old Advertiser office, on the north side of Main street, between First and Second. He has named his paper the Brownville Republican.”⁴

The bride was the 18 year-old daughter of John E. and Josie Bonewitz, whose family had moved to Omaha in 1880. The wedding was performed on May 6, 1883, at Emma’s parents’ home and announced in one of the city newspapers, Omaha Daily Bee:

“At 4 p. m. Sunday, at the residence of the bride’s parents, No. 1623 Dodge street, Mr. John C. Thompson, editor of the Brownville Republican, was united in Marriage to Miss Emma V. Bonewitz, Rev. Savidge, of First M. E. church, officiating. Only the relatives and intimate friends of the high contracting parties were present, but the affair was a most auspicious one, and the presents received were both costly and beautiful. The happy couple left Sunday evening for their home in Brownville.”⁵

Rev. Savidge had performed his first wedding in 1879. He has related that at the time he did not know what to do in that ceremony, so he asked a Presbyterian pastor who served in the same area and he was given some instructions.⁶ Thirty-five years later, Rev. Savidge wrote:

“Some ministers have a very long and tedious marriage service, but my service is short and to the point. There is not so much dependent on the length of the service and the minister as there is upon the contracting parties themselves.

“It is up to them whether they will be happy or miserable. Here is a copy of my brief marriage ceremony:

“ ‘Will thou have this woman to be thy wedded wife to live together after God’s ordinance in the holy state of matrimony?

“ ‘Wilt thou have this woman to be thy wedded wife in health, and forsaking all others, cleave thee only unto her?’

“The bridegroom answers, ‘I will.’

“I then ask the bride the same questions concerning the groom. She answers, ‘I will.’

“I then direct the bridegroom to place the ring on the third finger of his lady’s left hand and, holding the hand, to repeat after me these words:

“ ‘With this ring I thee wed, and with my worldly goods I thee endow; in the name of the Father, the Son and the Holy Ghost.’

“I then close that part of the service with these words: ‘For as much as this man and this woman have consented together in holy wedlock, have witnessed the same before God and this company, and signified the same by joining of hands, I pronounce that they are husband and wife together, in the name of the Father, the Son and the Holy Ghost.’

“I then offer the following brief prayer: ‘And now may God, the Father, and the Son and the Holy Ghost bless, preserve and keep you. The Lord mercifully look upon you; so fill you with all benediction and grace that ye may so live together in this life that in the world to come ye may have life everlasting.’

“Sometimes I add this prayer: ‘Lord, bless this man and woman, now this husband and wife. Bind them together Thyself and may they never be separated by any discord or difference or rent apart by the action of any divorce court, but may death alone break this bond. In order that they may live long and prosper, we pray they may believe in Thee, the living God, as much as Daniel ever did. That they may take the Bible as the inspired word of God and Man of their counsel, thus laying the foundation of happiness here and felicity forever. For the sake of Jesus Christ, our Lord. Amen.’ ”⁷

A year after John and Emma’s wedding, Rev. Savidge performed the marriage ceremony of Emma’s 23 year-old sister, Carrie Bonewitz, who had arrived in Omaha with her family in 1880. Carrie married 25 year-old Charles P. White, the son of S. M. and Anna White, on June 12, 1884. At least six years prior to their marriage and before Carrie had moved to Omaha, White and Carrie’s brother Orlando were boarding at the same boarding house, Donovan House, in Omaha.⁸ White resided in Omaha for a few years between 1878 and 1884, but on his marriage license his residence is recorded as Tobias, Nebraska. Tobias was a new railroad village that had been platted and incorporated in the early spring of 1884.⁹

One of the witnesses of this marriage was S. H. Buffett. This was White’s employer, a grocer whose name, Sidney H. Buffett, can be found in the Omaha city directories starting at 1870. Initially, White had worked as a teamster for Buffett,¹⁰ later he worked as a clerk.¹¹ The other witness who signed the marriage license was William T. Lyons, who was probably White’s mother’s brother.

Marriage Record of Charles P. White and Carrie Bonewitz

In 1886, Rev. Savidge performed a third wedding for a member of the Bonewitz family. This time, 27 year-old Harman (sometimes called by his middle name Finley) married a 25 year-old dressmaker, Cornelia B. Higley, on December 29. When the 1880 U. S. census was taken, both the Bonewitz family and the Higley family resided in Fairfield, Iowa.^12,13 Harman and his father and brother Orlando had gone to Omaha for work as early as 1878, but apparently, Harman didn’t permanently move to Omaha until 1880 when his entire family moved there. In 1885, Cornelia was still living with her parents, Judson and Ruah Higley, in Fairfield when the Iowa state census was taken,¹⁴ but in 1887 Cornelia and her parent’s names appear in the Omaha city directory. One of the signatures of the witnesses on Harman and Cornelia’s marriage license is possibly Cornelia’s father’s signature. The other signature is very difficult to read, but may be the signature of Harman’s brother-in-law, Charles P. White.

Marriage License of Harman Bonewitz and Cornelia Higley

In his autobiography, Rev. Savidge had some sage words regarding “The Marriage Fee”:

“The true minister of the Gospel does not charge a regular fee for his services at the marriage. He depends upon the generosity of the bridegroom and his appreciation of his bride.

“The minister has many avenues for his surplus change and his income is generally limited. Don’t forget the preacher, boys!

“It is very poor taste indeed for the bridegroom after the ceremony to ask the minister what his bill is or what the charges are. This is often done, but it is not the thing to do; it throws a sort of coldness over the meeting.

“The bridegroom ought to have his offering for the minister in his vest pocket, or better still, in an envelope, and then quietly hand it to him.

“That sum ought not to fall below $5.00. A ten-dollar bill looks better to me!

“The groom who remembers the minister liberally will not lose in the long run. A man ought not to be married often during this earthly life and he can afford to be manly and generous at this time.

“This whole transaction from start to finish is a test of manhood. Brother, walk up and stand the test!

“I have often married people where I received no fee at all, but it seemed to me a good deal like tying up cattle.

“The largest fee I ever received was $50.00, but I prayed eight hours for that fellow. I said, ‘Lord, work him up and help him give me a good fee, for I need the “dough.” ’

“He gave me, sealed in an envelope, ten five-dollar bills. I praised the Lord and used the money. One of the smallest, meanest fees I ever got, was some shade trees for the church and the trees died. I guess they got ashamed and quit.”¹⁵

After serving at First Methodist Church for six years, Rev. Savidge was assigned to Grand Island, Nebraska in 1888. He only served there one year, because during that year Rev. Savidge felt a conviction that his work in Omaha was not done. He has written: “God seemed to pull on me and put a message from Himself in my very soul, that He had plans for me in this city, and the past twenty-four years have proved that my convictions at that time were from God.”¹⁶ So Rev. Savidge requested to be assigned to Omaha again and to found his own church, which would be called the People’s Church. He has explained how he started the new work in Omaha:

“I … hired Boyd’s Opera House on Fifteenth and Farnum Streets for twenty-five dollars every Sunday.

“… The congregation was made up of the unchurched masses. Men and women who never went to any regular church went there. Harlots, drunkards and gamblers came to see and to hear: Many of these were benefited.

“I started a Sunday School in the lower part of the city and we instructed children of all nationalities and colors.

“… When the hot weather came on, I was compelled to give up the opera house and transfer my services to the Newman M. E. Church.”¹⁷

In the fall of 1891, Rev. Savidge decided to discontinue his association with the Methodist Episcopal denomination.¹⁸ He determined to be an independent minister and once again established the People’s Church, purchasing the old United Presbyterian Church building located on 18^th Street near California for $1,000.¹⁹

That same fall, Rev. Savidge performed a fourth marriage ceremony for the Bonewitz family. In about 1886, the family had moved to West Side, a developing addition to Omaha. At some point in the late 1880s, Josephine Bonewitz began running a boarding house in that area, and a man named Charles M. Daily became one of the boarders and became acquainted with Maggie Bonewitz, the youngest daughter of John and Josephine Bonewitz.²⁰ The son of Joseph and Amanda Daily, Charles Daily had worked his way from Indiana, across Illinois and Iowa for about 15 years, and finally settled in Omaha. His first known employer in Omaha was Charles P. White,²¹ who was operating a feed and coal business, and was the brother-in-law of Maggie. Daily worked for several years for White and on November 18, 1891 when 35 year-old Daily married 24 year-old Maggie, White signed the marriage certificate as a witness. The other witness was Maggie’s other brother-in-law John C. Thompson.

Signed Marriage License of Charles M. Daily and Maggie O. Bonewitz

Charles Monroe Daily and Maggie Oranna (Bonewitz) Daily on their wedding day, November 18, 1891

The dress that Maggie wore on her wedding day was passed down to one of her daughters and then to one of her grandsons. About ninety years after Maggie wore the dress for her wedding photograph, one of her great granddaughters posed for a photograph wearing Maggie’s dress. The dress is still brought out for display at the biennial reunions of the combined Daily and Bevers families.

Maggie Daily’s wedding dress, modeled by a great granddaughter

As time went by, Rev. Savidge began to be consulted by many families regarding marriageable prospects. In his autobiography, he writes:

“I am a firm believer in marriage. We can never beat the evils of the present day except the people enter the marriage relation and establish their own homes. God says, ‘He setteth the solitary in families.’

“Marriage is the order of God, the foundation of society, the church and the state. Many people among us who have their own homes do not know the intense desire of those who are not so situated. Our cities are crowded with women, good women, who have no chance to meet agreeable gentlemen, and there are many good men on ranches, farms and in mining, and even in our crowded cities who have small opportunity to meet good women.

“In recent years, on account of my age and experience, many come to consult with me on this subject. Mothers bring their daughters and beg me to use my influence to have them properly settled in life. It might do the skeptical on this subject much good to read some of the letters I receive. One lady said, ‘The desire for a home and love is with me constantly; it haunts my every waking hour.’

“In the Bible you may read a very beautiful story of how Isaac got his wife, in Genesis, twenty-fourth chapter.

“Abraham’s eldest and most trusted servant attended to this business with alacrity and devotion, and with the evident blessing of God.

“Other people can dip in a little to help others if they have the skill and ability. I have a bureau of information on marriage in my downtown office, which in the past year has worked wonders. I have a most competent secretary who takes the details off of me and I hope to assist many worthy people in the future.”²²

One last quote from Rev. Charles W. Savidge: “It is a perfectly natural thing to marry. Man never got up this scheme; it is a plan of God. It is folly to try to beat it.”²³

Resources:

Charles W. Savidge, Have faith in God (Omaha, Nebraska: Beacon Press, 1914):38-39, http://www.usgennet.org/usa/ne/topic/religion/MECHURCH/faith/pages/hfig0038.htm.
David Marquette, History of Nebraska Methodism: First Half-Century (1904): 56, http://www.usgennet.org/usa/ne/topic/religion/MECHURCH/hmec/pages/honm0052.htm.
Charles W. Savidge, Have faith in God: 89, http://www.usgennet.org/usa/ne/topic/religion/MECHURCH/faith/pages/hfig0083.htm#ch25.
John McCoy, transcriber, History of the State of Nebraska by William Cutler (Chicago: The Western Historical Company, 1882): https://www.kancoll.org/books/andreas_ne/nemaha/nemaha-p6.html#press.
Omaha Daily Bee (Omaha, Nebraska: Omaha Daily Bee, May 8, 1883):8, https://www.newspapers.com/image/466624152.
Charles W. Savidge, Have faith in God: 89.
Charles W. Savidge, Have faith in God: 89, 91.
J. M. Wolfe, publisher, Wolfe’s Omaha City Directory 1878-1879 (Omaha, Nebraska: Herald Publishing House and Book Bindery, 1878): 97 & 286.
Helen Kottas, “Nebraska…Our Towns, Tobias — Saline County”: https://casde.unl.edu/history/counties/saline/tobias/.
J. M. Wolfe, publisher, Wolfe’s Omaha City Directory 1878-1879: 286.
J. M. Wolfe, publisher, Wolfe’s Omaha City Directory 1881-1882 (Omaha, Nebraska: Herald Printing, Binding and Electrotyping House, 1881): 421.
“United States Census, 1880,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-GYYV-9R3L?cc=1417683&wc=XHBX-C68%3A1589394762%2C1589396075%2C1589395491%2C1589396695 : 24 December 2015), Iowa > Jefferson > Fairfield > ED 81 > image 60 of 64; citing NARA microfilm publication T9, (National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C., n.d.)
“United States Census, 1880,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-GYYV-9RN5?cc=1417683&wc=XHBX-C68%3A1589394762%2C1589396075%2C1589395491%2C1589396695 : 24 December 2015), Iowa > Jefferson > Fairfield > ED 81 > image 19 of 64; citing NARA microfilm publication T9, (National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C., n.d.)
“Iowa State Census, 1885,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:939Z-YGHT-J?cc=1803643&wc=M6L6-Q23%3A145017901%2C145048501 : 1 April 2016), Jefferson > Fairfield, Fairfield > image 67 of 152; State Historical Society, Des Moines.
Charles W. Savidge, Have faith in God: 92-93, http://www.usgennet.org/usa/ne/topic/religion/MECHURCH/faith/pages/hfig0092.htm.
Charles W. Savidge, Have faith in God: 51, http://www.usgennet.org/usa/ne/topic/religion/MECHURCH/faith/pages/hfig0045.htm.
Charles W. Savidge, Have faith in God: 51-52.
Charles W. Savidge, Have faith in God: 55.
Charles W. Savidge, Have faith in God: 56, http://www.usgennet.org/usa/ne/topic/religion/MECHURCH/faith/pages/hfig0056.htm.
E. J. B. V. Bevers, personal communication with M. R. Wilson, ca. 1976.
Omaha City and South Omaha City Directory for 1889 (Omaha, Nebraska: J. M. Wolfe & Co., Publishers, 1889): 194.
Charles W. Savidge, Have faith in God: 93-94.
Charles W. Savidge, Have faith in God: 92.

An Introduction to Charles Monroe Daily

August 2, 2020January 27, 2023 MRW1 Comment

Born on September 30, 1856 near New Albany, Indiana, Charles’ heritage was Yankee Irish
Parents: Joseph S. Daily and Amanda Black
His mother died when he was 9 years-old
As a young man he worked his way across Illinois and Iowa, and was a pioneer settler of Nebraska
He arrived in west Omaha, Nebraska about 1888 and worked at jobs such as clerk, foreman, teamster and potato chip maker
Married Maggie Oranna Bonewitz on November 18, 1891
Children: Gladys, Oranna, Robert, Iona, Elizabeth, Joseph (and an un-named baby boy)
A tornado destroyed their Omaha home on Easter Sunday 1913
Charles and Maggie farmed outside of Omaha, Nebraska, outside of Topeka, Kansas and north of Watertown, South Dakota
Retired from farming in 1932 and moved into Watertown, South Dakota
Died on March 9, 1945 at the age of 88 and is buried in Mount Hope Cemetery, Watertown, South Dakota

Sojourners, Settlers & Other Legacy Conveyors

Ancestors and the Legacies They Left Behind

Tag: Late 1800s